Yes’kov S. Formation of productive crops of the winter durum wheat after different predecessors in Crimea foothill

The object is the formation of high-yielding crops of winter hard wheat after various preceding crops in Crimean foothill. The aim is to identify conditions and factors that influence formation of highyielding crops of winter hard wheat, detect the best preceding crops in conditions of Crimean foothill, to determine such kind of preceding crops that allow to grow stable crops of given quality, using minimum costs. The methods include both general scientific (hypothesis, observations, comparative analyses and synthesis, experiments) and special (field methods, laboratory experiments, laboratoryfield method, calculating- comparative, methods of mathematical statistics). Results. Data that outline the level of influence of various environmental factors and different agrotechnical measures on the process of formation of winter hard wheat crops during vegetation were obtained for the first time (field germination rate, periodical plant survival, competitiveness to weeds). Character and extent of the dependence of yield on the structure of formatted crops of winter hard wheat were cleared up. Influence of climatic factors and main agrotechnical treatments on crops formation and qualitative factors of grain were defined for the first time. It was indicated that the influence of the agricultural methods on the quality and quantity of yield is expressed through the complex of factors, conditioned by predecessor - water factor, food factor , microbiological soil regulation, sowing structure and degree of plants development. The structure of hard winter wheat crops was specified for the foothill Crimea conditions. This structure provides highest possible, economically feasible harvest of highquality grain in given natural conditions of vegetation. New data concerning biological features of hard winter wheat of intensive type were obtained. This data influence the formation of crops structure and quality in the soil environmental conditions of Crimean. The scope includes growing competitive ,economically feasible crop formation of hard winter wheat in Crimean.