Babintseva N. Apple productivity formation in the orchards of the Premountainous Crimea. - Manuscript.

Objects of the researches are 5 cultivars and 2 rootstocks of apple (the inland and foreign breeding) in fruit - bearing orchards. Purpose of our work was substantiation of the methods of the productivity formation in apple intense orchards with the optimal use of high - productive cultivar - rootstock combinations, crown forms and high - effective technique of trees pruning in order to decrease the fruiting periodicity and secure regular yield of high - quality fruits under the conditions of the Premountainous Crimea. Methods of the researches are as follows: field - studying the character of the growth and productivity of apple cultivars on a low - headed rootstock and a middle one with the insertion of that low - headed in fruit - bearing orchards with the free spindle and free palmette and investigating the influence of the pruning technique on the growth and development of cvs with the fruiting periodicity; laboratory - determination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the objectsof the researches; mathematical and statistical - estimation of the credibility of the results obtained; calculation and comparative - economic evaluation of the efficiency of apple intense orchards cultivation in the fruit - bearing age. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the Premountainons Crimea the indices of the formation of the apple cultivars productivity on the low - headed rootstock and middle one with the insertion of that low - headed were determined in fruit-bearing orchards (free spindle and free palmette). The dissertant established the growth character, terms and duration of the generative buds differentiation and their relation among the cvs, determined the degree of the latters drought - resistance, their demand on the photosynthesis products for the fruits formation under the unsufficient humidity and peculiarities of the reserve elements reduction on the Х-ХІ organogenesis stage which secure the high orchards productivity and fruits quality depending on the pruning system. Besides, the economic and energetical effectivity of the orchards researched was calculated. Theoretical and practical results. The author substantiated the peculiarities of the culivar-rootstock combinations growth and productivity formation in different types of orchards on low-headed rootstocks (M.9) and middle ones (MM.106) with the insertion of those low-headed and determined the degree of the cvs drought-resistance, the photosynthetical activity level and peculiarities of the reserved elements reduction on the X-XI cultivars organogenesis stages and their effect on the fruits quality and fruit-bearing orchards productivity depending on their type and pruning methods. The introduction of the researches results into production increases the fruit-bearing orchards yield to 20-25 t/ha high-quality fruits and insures the profit of 16-22 thus grn/ha.