During the dissertation research the biological features of development of different varieties of garden strawberries were established and the technological peculiarities of formation of productivity of uterine and berry plantations depending on treatment growth regulators in the conditions of Central Polissya of Ukraine were scientifically substantiated. The material for research of vegetative productivity is Holosyyvska Rannya, Olvia, Beregynya, Festivalna Romashka, Prestige, Fakel and growth regulators Emistim C, Arbolin 036 SL, and EpinTM. To study the elements of yield and quality indicators of garden strawberries under the influence of growth regulators EpinTM and Emistim C created plantings of five pomological varieties (Holosyyvska rannya, Olvia, Berehynya, Festivalna Romashka, Fakel).
The dissertation presents the results of studying the influence of growth regulators on biochemical and physiological features of strawberry varieties and its morphogenetic potential in vitro. The biotechnological process of obtaining planting material of strawberry varieties promising for growing selection of NULES of Ukraine has been optimized. The material for the research was the varieties Berehynya, Holosyyvska rannya and Fakel.
The work was performed in 2010-2012 at the Department of Horticulture of the Faculty of Agrobiology of NULES of Ukraine and during 2013 - 2015 in the Problem Research Laboratory of Phytovirology and Biotechnology of the Research Institute of Plant Breeding, Soil Science and Sustainable Nature Management of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine.
A well-known fact is the variety-specific reactions of plants to phytohormones, so there is a need to test and confirm the effectiveness of their use in strawberry plantations. For varieties introduced for the first time in vitro culture, it is important to select and optimize the ratios and concentrations of exogenous phytohormones for different stages of microclonal propagation and improve adaptation methods to obtain high quality planting material.
The analysis of scientific publications on the peculiarities of the use of ecogenic growth regulators, in particular brassinosteroids and Emistim C shows that the question of their impact on strawberry plants remains insufficiently studied. There are no data on the use of brassinosteroids in the uterine plantations of strawberries and insufficiently covered the issue of varietal characteristics in the case of the use of growth regulators in berry plantations. The process of microclonal propagation is described in detail in the scientific literature. But the issue of individual selection of parameters of introduction, cultivation and adaptation of plants taking into account the varietal specificity of their reactions remains relevant.
Our studies have confirmed the dependence of the total mass of mother plants on varietal characteristics and treatment with growth regulators. In addition, Emistim C and EpinTM promote the growth of vegetative mass of uterine plants and vegetative formations. The obtained research results show that EpinTM and Emistim C also have a positive effect on the number of standard seedlings. Spraying of uterine plantations with EpinTM increased the number of rooted seedlings by 25 - 82%, Emistim C - by 12 - 68%.
According to our observations, the growth regulators EpinTM and Emistim C did not significantly affect the rate of phenological phases of plant development. However the intensity of the accumulation of active temperatures affects the timing of flowering and ripening of berries (correlation coefficient 0.7–0.9).
We investigated the influence of plant growth regulators EpinTM and Emistim C on the indicators of biological productivity, yield, and marketable quality of berry products. As a result, the yield of strawberry plantations increased by treatment with EpinTM and Emistim C by 13 - 51% on average over two years.
The influence of phytohormones on the content of photosynthetic pigments and net productivity of photosynthesis has been studied and confirmed. It was found that two treatments with an interval of 14 days increases the leaf surface area, but decreases the proportion of dry matter in the leaves.
In order to obtain aseptic and viable primary explants of strawberry varieties Berehynia, Holosiivska Ranya and Fakel, the optimal method is proposed in which 2 g ∙ l-1 citric acid should be added to varieties for high washing for phenolic substances and browning of explants.
In the process of cultivating strawberry varieties, a tendency to a rapid increase in the regenerative capacity of explants was revealed, followed by its decrease. The Berehynia variety is characterized by a high reproduction rate, which makes it technologically attractive, as the intensity of regenerating plants remained high (17.6) for 6 passages. The Holosyyvska Rannya and Fakel varieties showed a rather low reproduction rate of 4.5 and 8.3, respectively.
