Bytkivska Y. The tendencies of the adaptation and development of the semantics of englisms in the modern Ukrainian language.

The thesis presents the research of the semantics of an English loan-word (englism) as a complex hierarchically built meaning aspect and which is the result of the absorption of a borrowed lexeme. In our inquiry we reckon an englism as a lexeme that is borrowed from the English language or by its interposition and which has at least one sememe that is formed under the influence of the English language. Our practical material consists of the englisms, which have come to the Ukrainian language since 90-ies and are used in mass media, fiction, conversational speech and slang. In order to analyze semantic modifications of englisms we use the theory of semantic transfer - the process of meaning regulation, revealed in zero, partial and free semantic transfer. The zero semantic transfer demonstrates conservation of the semantics of a model. The partial semantic transfer provides: 1a) constriction of the sememe of an englism in comparison with its English model; 1b) seme constriction; 2a) sememe extension on the ground of the target language; 2b) seme extension under the influence of the target language as well as the combination of these semantic changes. Free semantic transfer presents derogation i.e. the loss of a semantic relation between a loan-word and its model and creation of a new meaning under the influence of the target language. We reinterpret the term "contact seme", distinguishing contact seme (the borrowed micro component of the semantic structure of a model) and contact sememe (lexical-semantic variant of the meaning of an englism, borrowed from the source-language). We bring forward conversion as a type of semantic change, which is the result of interaction of analytical English and synthetic Ukrainian language system as well as the necessity in nominating notions and things.