Nazarova D. The heart formation in phylogenesis

The changes of heart form were determined in postnatal ontogenesis at the different types of animals. The features of structure and forming of internal relief of heart, and also correlations of tissue components, are certain in the wall of ventricle at the different types of animals. It is established that for most investigated animals the elliptical form of heart was characteristically. The extreme types of form of heart – cone-shaped and spherical – were found out. Phylogenetic stability of cardiac index is certain in most types of animals. The phylogenetic feature of internal relief of heart of fishes, amphibians and napaceous is absence of papillary muscles, their function is executed by trabeculae carnea, and papillary muscles appear for animals with a four-chamber heart. The analysis of connections is conducted between the parameters of heart and sizes of body of different types of animals. The changes in correlation of tissue components of the ventricle wall of different animals which specify on dependence of amount of muscular tissue not only on the type of animal and amount of chambers of heart but also features of way of life of animal were found out.