Dudarev D. Agrobiological peculiarities of perennial grasses of the steppe ecotype and improving the methods of cultivation in the Crimea

Object - the formation process of permanent grasses productive in a specific soil and climatic conditions of the Crimean peninsula. The goal of the work was to improve the technological elements of growing most adaptive permanent grasses to the conditions of the Crimea on determined biological features base. Methods: observation; Field; laboratory; chemical; counting of the weight; estimated and comparative; statistical. For the first time in Crimean dry farming conditions were conducted complex studies of permanent grasses of the steppe ecotype, including a new culture - Tall Wheatgrass. Were adjusted the formation and dynamics features of the permanent grasses productivity, depending on the technology of cultivation techniques, soil and climatic conditions. For various natural zones of the peninsula results of investigations exposed, that in condition of Crimean Foothills the most adaptive cultivated plant is the Smooth Brome, the most adaptive plant in Prisivashya region is - Tall Wheatgrass. Take into account the biological features, have been determined and improved the basic parameters of growing methods for the most productive plant for Crimean Foothills - the Smooth Brome, and given their economic and energy assessment. The optimum time of sowing and seeding depth of Smooth Brome, as well as their influence on the productivity of crops was determined. One more contribute is using nitrogen fertilizers are the most effective method of increasing the crops productivity of Smooth Brome. It was also found that applying of nitrogen dose should be corrected to the age of herbage and content of nitrogen in the soil. Found out the most optimal term for mowing crops of Smooth Brome is the phase of complete inflorescence forming of plant. The results will be useful to improve the food base of peninsula, as well as facilitate for more wider use of permanent grasses in Crimea's fodder.