Avramenko S. Yield increase in winter and spring grain crops depending on the growing technologies in the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Object: peculiar features of vegetation, development, forming and realization of yield potential and grain qualitative indices in the varieties of winter and spring wheat's and triticale depending upon the technologies of growing after preceding maize for silage. Aim: agricultural practice complex improvement and scientific substantiation of the expediency for growing of modern varieties of winter and spring wheat's and winter, spring triticales after preceding maize for silage. Methods: general scientific (dialectical, experimental analysis), special: field, laboratory, calculating, statistical. Novelty: peculiar features on formation and realization of yield potential grain qualitative indices in modern varieties of winter and spring triticale after maize for silage depending on growing conditions are revealed. For the first time in the specific soil-climatic conditions a comparative estimate of yielding capacity in new varieties of winter wheat and winter triticale, as well as, spring wheat and triticale after maize for silage is given. It is proved that on conditions of keeping to the elaborated technological practice maize for silage is a good preceding crop both for spring wheat and triticale and for winter wheat and triticale. Results: different cultivation technologies for winter and spring wheat and triticale varieties after maize for silage, which ensure grain yield in winter wheat from 6,95 to 7,68 t/ha, in winter triticale - from 7,16 to 9,12 t/ha, are optimized. At that the grains of winter wheat meet the demands of the third-fourth classes and of winter triticale - the second - third classes. The possibility for the shift in sowing dates of winter crops to later dates, which has an essential practical importance in the production, is experimentally demonstrated. It is proved that an excessive intensification of the growing technologies for the investigated varieties of spring wheat and spring triticale is not expedient. An optimum level of the energy consumption of the technologies at growing winter and spring wheat and triticale is established. Application stage: the results of the study are implemented in the agricultural farm "Kyivska Rus", AF of "Tatarenkova N. D.", in CLR "Pechenizke", Kharkiv Region on the total area of 189 ha. A state patent on the useful model is obtained: "A method for increasing grain yield in winter grain crops at different sowing dates after preceding crop maize for silage". Application area: agricultural farms of all forms of property.