Divak V. Separatism as phenomenon of contemporary politics: political and legal aspects

The dissertation presents a complex research of separatism as the social and political phenomenon of contemporary politics. Features of its existence on the present stage of world development are revealed and methods of it neutralization are analyzed. It demonstrates that separatism is objective social and historical, political and legal phenomenon and it can't be evaluated only in positive or negative meaning. Separatism will exist until the basic principle of self-identification ethnic groups, nations is "we and they". There are two parallel and contradiction process in the modern world: globalization and separatism. In the future the intensification of separatist movements is possible in regions, which have rich natural resources. The analysis of the concrete phenomena of separatism and methods of counteraction against it demonstrates, that problems of separatism haven't resolved on the base of the precedent. Because each country with separatist movements has own history and mentality, specific conditions of social, political and economic development, and it chooses the most appropriate methods of neutralization this phenomena. The methods of combating with separatist movements depends on the level of democratic development the political institutions of the state. The author notes that problem of unrecognized or partially recognized states indicates the necessity of the creation the common international norms and principles, according to which such state entities can be recognized under some conditions. Features of separatism manifestation in Ukraine are analyzed and their prevention mechanisms are determined. The author states, that in spite of the existence of some Ukrainian regions with potential separatist tendencies (the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Zakarpattia, Donbas, South Bukovyna), separatism isn't a destructive factor of the national political process.