Naslednikova M. Increase of environmental safety on the sites of oil and oil products processing and storage

The thesis is devoted to the study and research of the influence of oil processing objects on the environment resulting from contaminations which occur in the process of oil storage in the reservoirs and popping of gas during oil processing. It is shown that oil and oil products represent great danger to hydrosphere and atmosphere being the most widespread and dangerous contaminating matters. A research of mathematical models applied to the sources of contaminations of atmosphere was conducted, and on the basis of shortcomings of the given models a spatial model, which allows for a modeling of the processes of emission of contaminations from different sources, which can work simultaneously and repeatedly, was first introduced. With a help of this model the curves of contaminations for the determination of emissions concentration in any point on the surface were built. For the reduction of losses of oil and oil products caused by fumes, which can lead to ecological danger, methods of their minimization based on the coverage of the surface of evaporation in reservoirs with foam-active matters were offered. To reduce emissions, the coating technique applied to evaporating reservoir surface was developed on the basis of this method.