Tsytsenko G. Christian anchoritism as to philosophic-anthropological problem

In the dissertation research Christian anchoritism is simultaneously examined as a certain way as well as the process of continuous communication with God. The escape from the world is only the stage on the way to God. Thus, metaphysical sense of anchoritism is the salvation of the soul. The distinction of concepts loneliness as solitude and loneliness as isolation gives an opportunity to expose of the communication constituent of anchoritism. Solitude is a negative manifestation of loneliness where a man is deprived of communication with the others. However, anchorite way of life in the meaning of original expression of solitude is not deprived of communication; the communication with people is replaced by self-knowledge and introversion into own self, communication with God through prayer and Revelation. Within loneliness phenomenon Christian anchoritism is represented on phenomenological, ontological and axiological levels, which contain privacy - voluntary solitude's aspect. Asceticism and anchoritism find their link in ascetic renunciation as anchoritism's definition (religious beliefs, high life with minimum external relations, departure to live in far deserted places). At the same time, the dissertation discloses anchoritism issue as monastic order type. Namely, it proposes to consider Christian anchoritism as monasticism early generation's background and monasticism's solitary type today. Within this research as social historical fact is set that the most common type of reclusion was anchoritism and koinonia complementarity.