Manko K. The productivity and grain quality of winter rye depending on the elements of growing technologies in the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Object: improvement of winter rye growing technology. Aim: improvement of the elements of growing technologies of winter rye by definition of features of the formation of productivity and grain quality depending on a level of mineral nutrition at cultivation after nonfallow forecrops, definition of economic feasibility and efficiency of application of these growing techniques. Methods: field, laboratory, thermostatical-weighted, chemical, biochemical, statistical, calculated. Novelty: for the first time in the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the competitiveness of winter rye comparatively with winter wheat at growing after nonconventional nonfallow forecrops (winter rape, spring barley, soya) is established; the features of manifestation of adaptivity to the zonal cultivation conditions and influence of the elements of technology are set on growth and development of modern varieties and hybrids of winter rye and their productivity and grain quality is established; the norms of rates and coefficients of the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the forming of grain yield by new varieties and hybrids of winter rye are estimated and efficiency of application of fertilizers in the basic application and in the early-spring application is evaluated; influence of the elements of cultivation technology and their complex interaction on grain yield and quality of winter rye varieties and hybrids is established; economic and power efficiency and expediency of winter rye cultivation on the different models of technology is defined. For the conditions of the region the models of growing technologies of new varieties and hybrids of winter rye by their optimization are improved. Results: the varieties structure has been determined, the elements of growing winter rye technology have been improved and the reaction of modern varieties and hybrids to agrotechniques of growing after nonconventional nonfallow forecrops, that is taken into account at development of recommendations and introduced into production, has been determined. Two models of growing technology have been worked out - energy-saving (without application of fertilizers) and intensive (with the use of fertilizers in the basic application and in the early-spring one). Application stage: the improved elements of growing technology have been included into methodical recommendations "Realization of the program of growing of winter grain crops in the economies of the Kharkiv region under the harvest of 2009 (an autumn complex of works)" (Kharkiv, 2008) and "Complex of measures for the organization of harvesting of early grain crops in the economies of the Kharkiv region in 2009" (Kharkiv, 2009). Introduction of the results of researches in SE EE "Komsomolets" of the Lozova district and JSC "Gusarivske" of the Balakleya district of the Kharkiv region under a general area of 195 ha has provided an increase winter rye productivity by 0,78-0,83 t/ha, net income by 350-368 hrn./ha and level of profitability by 12,3-15,6 %. Received a public declarative patent for a utility model: "The method on increasing the productivity of modern varieties of winter rye after nonconventional forecrops" № 57722 of 10.03.2011. Application area: agricultural enterprises of all property categories of the Ukrainian groindustrial Complex.