Martynyuk I. Structural and functional state of fowl and turkey spermatozoa under effect of cryoprotective agents and low temperatures

The research object is the effect of cryoprotectants (amides and diols) on mobility, surviving, morphological integrity, lipid peroxidation, respiratory activity of fowl and turkey spermatozoa, before and after freezing-thawing. The research aim of the study of the effect of cryoprotectants of two classes of chemical compounds on the structural and functional state of fowl and turkey spermatozoa before and after freezing-thawing. The methods used in the study are UV-IR spectroscopy, refractometry, osmometry, light, fluorescence microscopy, polarography, the statistical processing of results and correlation analysis. The results could be used in the development of effective cryopreservation methods for creating Cryobank of birds sperm, not only in agriculture but also to preserve the gene pool of rare and endangered species. The novelty - first established by the degree of cytotoxicity of selected cryoprotectants, tested three ways to reduce it by a combination of substances, changes in incubation temperature and the introduction of the kriokonservanta egg albumin. It was found that turkey spermatozoa are more sensitive to the action of the substances studied in comparison with fowl sperm, the activity of KP interaction with liposomes of total lipids is determined by the fowl sperm hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of these molecules. It is shown that the studied cryoprotectants violate lipid-lipid interactions, antioxidant-prooxidant balance, reduce the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration of fowl and turkey spermatozoa before and after freezing-thawing, but to varying degrees. The field of knowledge is cryobiology.