Chernyshenko P. Optimization of main growing technology elements of current soybean varieties in the eastern part of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Object: technological methods to increase grain yield and soybean seed quality. Aim: to optimize the elements of growing technology for modern varieties of soybeans belonging to different maturity groups for obtaining of high grain yield and seed quality with the improved indices of economical and energy efficiency under the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods: field, laboratory, thermostatical-weighting, chemical, statistical, calculating. Novelty: first in the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the peculiarities in the formations of grain yield and seed quality of soybean varieties of different maturity groups depending on the complex of basic elements of growing technology are stated and on the basis of it sowing techniques, rates, elements of basic fertilization and dates of desiccation are optimized and which allow to obtain high quality of seeds at a high level of grain yield of modern varieties; the optimal date of desiccation in plantings of soybean varieties with different maturity groups (at seed humidity - 50?55 %) is determined, which ensures more complete realization of their yield potential and obtaining the seed with high sowing qualities and productive abilities (Patent for useful model № 33482 of 25.06.2008) and speeds up a ripening process in seeds from 4 to 6 days; economical and energy efficacy is defined and the expediency of growing of soybean varieties with different maturity groups at various elements of fertilization under soil basic tillage is substantiated. Results: the elements of cultivation technology of soybean varieties with different maturity groups which ensure the highest economical and energy efficacy, are optimized. The technology proposes to use a row (15 cm) or wide row sowing (45 cm) with planting rate of 400 thousand seed per ha without fertilizers application under basic soil tillage and carry out preharvest desiccation of planting by reglon super or scorpion at the initial humidity of seeds - 50?55 % that contributed to speeding up the process of seed ripening by 4?6 days. At this point grain yield in soybean varieties ranged from 1,72 to 1,93 t/ha with high energy of seed germination - not less than 85 % and at the laboratory germination - not less than 90 %. An approximate net profit was within 1807?3387 hrn./ha and the level of profitability - 46,5?126,4 % with the coefficient of energy efficacy - 2,11?2,85. Appl. stage: the results of the study are inculcated in FG "Kyivska Rus" of Pervomaisk district, TOV NVF "Help-Agro" of Kharkiv district, SFG "Muravskyi shlyakh" of Bogodukhov dstr. and STOV "Gusarivske" of Balakleya dstr. of Kharkiv Region under total area of 130 ha. It ensured an increase of soybean grain yield by 0,15?0,34 t/ha, of net profit by 380?617 hrn./ha and the level of profitability - by 7,0?29,5 %. State declarative patent for a useful model "Method for desiccation of seed productive plantings of soybeans" № 33482 of 25.06.2008. Appl. area: agricultural enterprises of all forms of property of AIP of Ukraine.