Koshlyak L. Yield and quality of spring wheat, depending on the ways of fertilizer application in the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The object of study: the establishment of the effect of different methods of fertilization on the formation of yield and grain quality of spring soft and hard wheat varieties in the Eastern Steppe of Ukraine. Aim: to identify the main patterns of plant responses of soft spring wheat and hard on the influence of fertilizers before sowing and foliar nutrition to increase yield and quality of grain in the Eastern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods: field, laboratory, chemical, biochemical, statistical, calculative. Innovation: Тhe effect of sulfur-containing fertilizers-magnesium sulfate by foliar nutrition, combined with a colution of urea on yield and grain quality of soft and hard spring wheat has been studied for the first time in the conditions of the eastern part of Forest Steppe. The level of productivity of soft and hard spring wheat without the basic fertilizer has been defined application depending on their pre-sowing fertilizes and foliar nutrition. The economic and energy efficiency application in the sowings of spring wheat has been established. Еhe energy-saving technology elements of spring soft and hard wheat by optimizing fertilizers application have been improved. Results: The data concerning the impact of fertilizers application methods on yield and quality of spring soft and hard wheat enrich and generalize the known elements of fertilization. Before sowing application of NPK in combination with foliar nutrition by the solution of urea as well as the of urea solution with magnesium sulphate ensure the largest increase of yield and protein content in the gluten of grain. These agricultural methods are recommended as obligatory for growing soft and hard spring wheat. The degree of implementation: The production test of the results of studies has been conducted in peasantry farm "Promin" Bogodukhov district Kharkov region. The cultivation of spring wheat varieties Kharkоv 27 using before sowing application of N16P16K16 and foliar nutrition by urea solution N30 on the area 57 ha has caused the increase of yields by 0,17 t / ha compared with the version without nutrition, on m which the yield was 1,93 t/ha, and Ltd. company in (2012) in the same district. The increase of yield by 0,23 t/ha and the protein content by 0,7 % has been received in the results of foliar nutrition by the solution of MgSO4 during the period of grain formation using the complex protection system and sowings treatment with the preparation Basfoliar (3,0 l/ha). The yield of wheat without appling fertilizer comtaining sulphur equaled to 3 t/ha and the comtent of protein was 12,1 %. Scope of Study: Agricultural enterprises of all forms of ownership of AIC of Ukraine.