Gun'ko O. Air pollution prediction after accidents with the account of buildings influence

Subject of inquiry is the process of pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere. Thesis objective is the development of the effective numerical models to predict the atmosphere pollution after accidents with account of buildings influence. Research methods: numerical experiments on the basis of the mathematical models which describe the toxic substances dispersion in the atmosphere. To solve the equations of the models the implicit difference schemes of splitting are used. Theoretical and practical results: new 3-D numerical models to predict in on-line regime the atmosphere pollution with account of buildings influence were developed. The models allow to predict the risk of the people hitting in the rooms when the polluted air inflows into rooms and also allow to predict the people hitting on the route of evacuation. The application of these numerical models can significantly improve the forecast information for the development of the PLAS (a plan of localization and liquidation of emergency situations). Novelty of the research: three-dimensional numerical model was developed to predict the level of air pollution in emergency spills (emissions) of chemically hazard substances. The model takes into account the impact of buildings on the process of transfer of toxic substances, weather conditions, location and type of the emergency (spill in the basin, instant emission, etc.); a numerical model was developed for prediction of air pollution among of building in the case of the evaporation from the soil (accident spillage on the ground); for the first time a method of calculating the toxic damage of people at evacuation route which lays between buildings was developed. This method takes into account the speed and direction of people movement, meteorological situation, parameters of emissions of toxic substances; an advanced model for the prediction of toxic hitting of persons in the rooms in the case when the polluted air inflows to the rooms was developed. This model takes into account changing of the concentration in the air which inflows into rooms. An advanced model was proposed for calculating the process of neutralizing of toxic gas in the atmosphere, which, in the contrast to existing ones, allows to calculate this process with the account of buildings influence; for the first time the problem of local air pollution in case when the source of emission of toxic substances is situated inside the partially collapsed building was set and solved. Implementation extent: the developed numerical models are used at the Dnipropetrovsk Department of Ministry of Emergency, at the State Enterprise "Pridneprovskiy expert technical center Gosgorpromnadzora of Ukraine", in the DNUZT after аcademician V. Lazarian educational process. Range of application: the models can be used at the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, at the Ministry of Emergency, at the Rescue teams of Special State Transport Service; development of PLAS for chemically hazard enterprises.