Arevadze I. Complex approach to evaluation of mine ecosystem’s ecological safety

The thesis is dedicated to working out of a complex approach to evaluation of mine ecosystems' ecological safety based on the data of chemical methods used for research of interfacial equilibriums of "mining rock - surface and underground water, geological methods used for research of deformation processes occurring on waste dump surface and bioindication methods used for safety assessment in conditions of metal-pressing load. Prediction parameters for the indication and qualitative description of the risk level in such kind of systems are proposed and approved while their adequacy is proved. The research of interfacial distribution of compounds of toxic metals Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(III,VI), Mn(II), Zn(II) in the system of "settling tank for mining water - near-bottom and near-shore soils", "natural underground and surface water - waste heap rocks" testify to the concentration and accumulation of bulk forms of heavy metals and further formation of secondary pollution sources. In order to forecast the intensity of the above-stated processes, a mathematical model describing the change in concentration of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Zn(II) in soil is worked out, and the hazard index for bulk content and moving forms is calculated. Shift of a interfacial balance towards the opposite side is observed for the system of "natural underground and surface water - waste heap rocks" in both working and used waste heaps that results in considerable increase in the hazard index for Pb(II), Cd(II), Mn(II) in the surface and underground waters even at the distance of 500 m from the foot of the waste heap and on the depth of 14-24 meters. Quantitative parameters of ecological safety (hazard and accumulation indices) mainly depend on geoecological and technological state of rock massifs (dumps and waste heaps). It is recommended to use a relative change in velocity of shift sloping deforma-tions as a criterion for assessment of geodynamical state of a waste dump. The method of mining-and-geological survey allowed defining types of geodynamical state of a "waste dump" system. Mathematical models of geodynamical behaviour at different stages of fill-ing the dump are worked out and the critical value of velocity of vertical deformation is determined. Ecological self-descriptiveness of polyporous fungi Fomes fomentarius and Fomitop-sis pinicola is evaluated with relation to their use as bioindicators for assessment of metal-pressing load in mine ecosystem.