Rusakova T. Prediction of air pollution by traffic emissions in urban districts

Object of research is the process of air pollution by traffic emissions. The aim of dissertational work is the development of models to estimate the level of air pollution from traffic emissions in urban districts. Research methods is a complex of theoretical and experimental research methods. To solve the modeling equations the following methods are used: discrete vortex method, implicit difference schemes of splitting, steady finite-difference procedures, methods of computational experiment. Theoretical and practical results: complex of models for calculating the processes of air pollution on city streets, which allows to find out distribution of air flow field and concentration of pollutant from traffic emissions taking into account buildings and their location, irregular wind flow, meteorological conditions, intensity and type of emission, chemical transformation of pollutants in the atmosphere; The special codes based on the developed predictive models were created which allow to evaluate the impact of transport emissions on the environment. On the basis of computational experiments was found that to minimize the level of air pollution near highways on the streets, with nine-stores buildings, it is advisable to use protective shields high 2 m. Concentration of pollution near highways is reduced by 27 - 30%. Novelty of research: at first a predictive model was developed to estimate the level of air pollution from emissions auto transport for the scheme "street canyon", based on the discrete vortex method, which allows rapid calculate the dispersion of emissions considering buildings, parameters meteorological situation, type of pollutant emissions, recirculation zones near building; A predictive model to estimate the level of air pollution based on the equations of separated flows inviscid fluid and equation of convective-diffusion transfer of pollutant achieved development, allowing operatively predict the level of pollution in the atmosphere from auto transport in the microdistricts and individual streets; was developed further a predictive model to estimate the level of air pollution emissions from auto transport given their chemical transformation in the atmosphere. Implementation extent: a special program package was developed on the basis of predictive models that allows quick predict the air pollution from auto transport on the streets; developed predictive models and program package are used for TOV "PROMІK", in "Pridneprovsky expert technical center Gosgorpromnadzora Ukraine" and in the educational process of DNU of O. Gonchar. Range of application: the tasks of the environment impact, development of urban transport strategy, in the ecological safety of the city.