The thesis is devoted to the study of spectrum antibiotic properties (antibacterial, antifungal and phytotoxic) of unresearch fungi. Experimental data show that cell-free filtrates of culture media of studied fungi have low levels of antifungal activity, as only 9 of the 65 strains showed it, that is only 14%. At the same time, a fairly high percentage of strains (49%) showed a wide spectrum of antibacterial action. Apart from these, there were some fungal strains which showed activity against only on one of the test cultures, in particular, against Staphylococcus aureus. Most of studied strains (89%) showed phytotoxic activity against green algae, on this activity all fungal strains were divided into several groups: highly active - 28% of strains, moderately active - 32% and 29% - inactive. Evaluation of the phytotoxic effect of the most active fungal strains on the germination of weed and crops seeds were made. Culture filtrates of Penicillium sp. 10-51, U. consortiale 960 and A. niveus 2411 showed activity against weeds: Setaria viridis, Erigeron canadensis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Galinsoga parviflora, Chenopodium album, at the same time, they did not affect seeds crops: pumpkins, watermelon, carrots, fennel, radish, rapeseed and others. Culture filtrates of strains of M. cinctum 903 and 910 showed high toxic activity against almost all evaluated plants. Chlorofirmic extracts from culture filtrates of selected fungi showed high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive test cultures Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, Micrococcus flavus and against phytopathogenic bacteria - Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, Pectobacterium carotovorum. Less active they were on Gram-negative bacteria, except extract Penicillium sp. 10-51. Extract M. cinctum 910 showed high level of antifungal activity against phytopathogenic (Botrytis cinerea, Phoma betae, Alternaria alternata) and toxigenic (Fusarium avenaceum, F. nivale, F. poae, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger) micromycetes. From the culture filtrates Penicillium sp. 10-51 and M. cinctum 910 isolated in crystalline form biologically active metabolites "P10", "P16" and "MC 910". The study of a number of physical and chemical properties this compounds, including elemental composition, melting point, spectral characteristics (UV- and IR-spectra) and biological activity allows with high probability identify substances "P10", "P16" with curvularin and hidroxycurvularin respectively. Both of them showed no dermacidal effects. The study of antibiotic activity of compound "MC 910" showed high levels of antibacterial action against S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, P. carotovorum. Less active it was against yeasts, Escherichia coli and Salmonella abony. Compound "MC 910" showed no dermacidal and phytotoxic activity. Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of substance "MC 910" showed that it belongs to group of simple trichothecenes. On the other hand, "MC 910" has atypical biological activity for trichothecenes. Key words: fungi, micromycetes, secondary metabolites, antibacterial, antifungal and phytotoxic activity, curvularin, trichothecenes, yielding compounds.
