Lytvynenko Y. Improvement of the ecological safety level of nuclear fuel cycle by cleaning the radioactively contaminated water

Object of study - environmentally hazardous processes associated with the operation of nuclear fuel cycle. Subject of research - especially multi radioaktyvnono cleaning polluted water, using nanocomposites and pulsed magnetic field. Purpose - The purpose of the thesis is to increase the environmental safety of nuclear power and of nuclear fuel cycle by reducing the volume of liquid radioactive waste at their cleansing using nanoscale dispersions and joint action of pulsed magnetic field. In the performance of used physical and physicochemical methods of mineral phases: phase analysis by X-ray, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, coupled with X-ray microanalysis local method of analysis of variance (distribution of the shares), optical microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetometry method. The size of the Cs, Sr, Co, Cu and Fe was determined by atomic absorbtsionym content of 137Cs and 90Sr estimated according gamma spectroscopy to aqueous solutions and beta-activity dry residues. Theoretical and practical results: on the basis of the model proposed and implemented technology of synthesis of nanoparticles polikremniyevyh acid in an aqueous solution containing various kinds of pollutants; justified and proposed to use pulsed magnetic field for magnetite nanoparticles; kremniyevomahnetytovoho proposed method of nanocomposite using pulsed magnetic fields; A method of cleaning contaminated technogenic solutions using kremniyevomahnetitovoho nanocomposite. Novelty: first proposed model of physical-chemical treatment of water contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides in the presence of surfactants, using nanoparticles, which as a result of their synthesis absorb as ionic, colloidal and psevdokoloyidni (molekulyarnorozdribleni) forms of pollutants; first, on the basis of the proposed physical-chemical model developed synthesis of magnetite dispersions from aqueous solutions of salts of bi- and trivalent iron in an alkaline environment under conditions of pulsed magnetic field that provides a nanoscale magnetite crystals with high number hidroksohrup, improved adsorption and coagulation properties; for the first time shown that the synthesized nanocomposite kremniyevomahnetytovyy SiO2 / Fe3O4 containing incorporated pollutants and is suitable for forming a glass phase (solid inert matrix) which has a high chemical and radiation resistance. Degree of implementation: The above mentioned technology, method and manner were introduced into test operation of research and production enterprise "Enerhohim" (Act test of 12/16/2014 p.), Thus improving the environmental safety of the enterprise. Scope: enterprises in the nuclear fuel cycle for use in complex environmental measures to improve environmental safety of enterprises; Research organizations technologically-laden regions to develop measures for environmental protection and environmental safety. Research results can be used in higher educational institutions for training specialists in specialty "Ecology and environmental protection".