Lyakhovskaya N. The role of polymorphisms of genes toll-like receptors 2, 4, and Clara cell protein in the development of asthma

The thesis shows the theoretical generalization and a new solution of scientific problems of immunology and allergy, by definition, genetic determination of bronchial asthma by investigating the role of toll-like receptors in innate immunity (for polymorphism 2258G / A gene TLR2 (rs5743708), 896A / G gene TLR4, A38G gene CC16) and analysis of the relationships between the characteristics of the genotypes of patients, the target, the immune system and the clinical course of the disease. In the group of patients with bronchial asthma was significantly more common genotype GA (11,1%) TLR2 gene compared to the control group. Patients who are carriers of allele A TLR2 gene were more common in the history of pneumonia, there were signs of candidiasis, as well as decreased levels of IL4 and IL10 expression was growing compared with patients without the genetic change. In the study of gene polymorphism TLR 4 determines that the AG genotype is significantly found in the group of bronchial asthma (15.6%) than in control group. Patients with polymorphism 896A / G TLR4 gene disease begins in childhood, in the spectrum of sensitization were dietary factors, there have been other manifestations of allergic disease, these individuals significantly decreased the expression of CD4 + / 25 + / Foxp3 T cells and the level of IL10. A polymorphic variant of the gene 38G CC 16 significantly more common in patients with asthma than in the control group. Clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma in patients who are carriers of the gene allele 38G CC16 are fungal sensitization, atopic dermatitis and history of tuberculosis, the need for frequent GCS; The highest level of total IgE in patients with genotype AG and homozygous GG gene variant CC16 compared with the AA genotype. The paper shows the importance of studying gene polymorphisms TLR2, TLR4, SS16 for the understanding of bronchial asthma.