The thesis is devoted to the development of biotechnological method of electricity generation by the association of chemoorganotrophic microorganisms on the substrates of different origin. It is given the review of up to date research in the field of bioelectricity generation and proposed theoretical classification of the mechanisms of the electron flow formation and electron transfer on the insoluble artificial terminal acceptors in chemoorganotrophic microorganisms that are applied in microbial fuel cells (MFC). This allows to obtain electrical energy with productivity of 0,34?0,46 kW/kg COD. In the study it was substantiated the methods of investigation of MFC that are based on measurements both biotechnological and electrochemical parameters of MFC operation. The new construction of flow-through MFC with mobile electrode blocks was developed within the study. This construction of MFC has special anodic compartment to provide flow-through conditions of operation and the electrode is organized in mobile polymer blocks with affixed carbon fiber and conductors. The MFC is applied both for electroactive biofilm cultivation and for steady-state operation. As the part of mathematical modelling and calculation it was performed theoretical calculation of electrode potentials based on known thermodynamic variables. The biomass growth was calculated by Heinen. Also it was proposed the equations for calculation of energy outputs of flow-through MFC with known values of the hydraulic load, output values by COD, duration of cultivation and current outputs depends on the design MFC. In dissertation it was proposed the method of two-stage enrichment of anodic biofilm with exoelectrogens. The method allows obtaining 45-56% higher electrical densities in comparison with the existing one-step method of cultivation. Besides, secondary biofilm reaches steady-state operation mode two times faster than one-step method. It was substantiated the rational technological parameters of the process for exoelectrogenic biofilm cultivation. Thus, the rational values of the temperature are in range 30-35?С and pH values are in range 7-8 units. Also it was substantiated that it is necessary to provide mass-exchange in anodic compartment. Based on study of biofilm cultivation it was proposed the stage of anodic biofilm cultivation as a part of technological work-flow of electricity generation in MFC with wastewater treatment. Also it was investigated three different substrates, acetate, glucose and artificial wastewater, as the main carbon source for exoelectrogens. It was examined cultivation modes, both periodic with period durations of 6-8 days and continuous-flow with hydraulic loads in diapason 1,1-1,3 m3/(m3*day). It was shown that wastewater can be used as the substrate MFC as well as acetate and glucose. The specific current density of MFC is (12-15)·10-3 A/m2 at Rex=0,5? and the potentials of the anode are -0,38-(-0,32) V (rel. Ag/AgCl). Taking into consideration MFC power density and biofilm growth the rational value of substrate concentrations are 0,8-1,5 gO2/l. Power density of microbial fuel cell is 3,6?7,5·10-3 W/m2, and wastewater treatment efficacy is 35-40% (in values of COD). Based on study of MFC operation with artificial wastewater it was developed technological work-flow of electricity generation in MFC during wastewater treatment. It was calculated that the use of four MFC-bioreactors with 380 m3 volume is giving electricity outputs 9?18,7 kW/month. The cost of sewage treatment grows by 2.6 hrn/m3 for 5 years of operation. Thus, in dissertation it was substantiated the rational parameters of biotechnology electricity generation using association of chemoorganotrophic microorganisms. It was theoretically and experimentally proven technological possibility to generate electricity during wastewater treatment and developed technological workflow of electricity generation in microbial fuel cells. Keywords: bioenergy, microbial fuel cell, bioelecricity, exoelectrogens, biofilm, wastewater treatment.
