Krylach S. The impact of agrophysical properties of sowing layer of typical chernozem on the germination of seed crops

Object - parameters dynamics of agrophysical soil properties in different layers of a sowing layer and seedling crops reaction. Purpose is to establish the optimum parameters of agrophysical properties of chernozem typical in separate layers (above seed layer, seed layer and under seed layer) of a sowing soil layer for germination of large, medium and small seeds, as well as for differentiation of presowing soil cultivation methods and refinement of agro requirements to the combined soil cultivating and sowing implements. Methods - vegetative, field, laboratory, statistical, calculative and comparative, economic and mathematical. Theoretical results - the relationships between crops seeds germination, their root system development and sowing layer agrophysical properties were established. The necessity of creation before sowing optimum agrophysical parameters of soil in separate segments of the sowing layer for crops seeds germination depending on their size was proven. To provide favorable crops germination, growth and development, the model of optimum sowing soil layer taking into consideration crops seeds size was developed. Practical results - agrorequirements to the presowing cultivation and appropriate tillage tools were improved. They are to improve crushing of above seed soil layer, to accumulate optimum structural composition of the seed layer and, if necessary, to thin the soil in under seed soil layer. It is recommended to use the advanced technology of presowing soil tillage, which is to use the new combined tillage tools. It is established that the use of modern cultivating unit promotes the differentiation of sowing soil layer according to the physical parameters on layers, depending upon the requirements of the crops and the size of their seeds. Novelty - is to create a model of a sowing layer of chernozem typical model with optimum agrophysical parameters for crops depending upon the size of their seeds and to improve agro requirements to presowing tillage and modern combined tillage implements. For the first time it was determined: optimum parameters of the density and soil structure (including humidity) in separate layers (above seed, seed and under seed) within the sowing layer, favorable for the development of different cultures in the early stages of their ontogeny - during germination and sprouting. Parameters of agrophysical properties of sowing soil layer depending upon the size of the crop seed are differentiated. The degree of application - the results of the researches received a positive assessment of the Technical Council of Agricultural Engineering Enterprise "Ukr.Agro-service" and were included in the perspective plan of exploration of the latest developments. This cultivating unit is produced, the patent is received and production test in the field conditions on the experimental field "Experimental farm "Hrakivske" of Chuguyev region, Kharkiv district on an area of 1.5 hectares is conducted. The field is agriculture.