Molchenko S. Non-waste technology of fat neutralization with the water-alcohol solutions of alkali metal carbonates

Object of research: technology of sunflower oil neutralization and processing of soapstock into fatty acids. Purpose of research: non-waste technology of fat neutralization with water-alcohol solutions of alkali metal carbonates development that will reduce the neutral fat loss and allow obtaining of fatty acids. Apparatus and methods: physicochemical properties of hydrated vegetable oil processing products were determined by standard methods; fatty acid composition was determined by the of gas-liquid chromatography method (Hewlett Packard HP-6890); experimental data processing was carried out by Microsoft Excel and MathCAD. Theoretical and practical results: data on existing technologies of vegetable oils and fats neutralization and methods of soapstock processing was classified. Non-waste technology of fats neutralization was developed. Scientific novelty: reaction rate and energy of activation constants for each stage of interaction between fatty acids and water-ethanol solutions of alkali metal carbonate were derived; The effect of temperature, time of neutralization, excess concentrations of neutralizing agent, and mixing intensity on the acid number of vegetable oil during the neutralization of fatty acids in water-alcohol solutions of alkali metal carbonates was evaluated; The effect of carbon dioxide pressure, aqueous soap solution concentration, and temperature on the cleavage rate of sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids was evaluated. Implementation: sodium carbonate solution in 50% ethanol as a neutralizing agent was tested in industrial conditions at "Valkovsky oil extraction plant", SP (Valky, Kharkiv region, Ukraine), and implemented in the educational process at the Department of Technology of Fats and Fermentation Products of NTU "KhPI". Areas of use: oil and fat industry enterprises.