Usov O. Optimization of growing technology of spring durum wheat in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The object of research. The processes of yield and grain quality formation in present varieties of spring durum wheat, namely Spadshchyna (national standard), Dynastiia, Novatsiia (originator Yuriev Institute of Plant Production NAAS) and Izolda, Zhisel (originator Myronivka Wheat Institute named after NAAS V.M. Remeslo) as affected by agri-environmental factors and agronomic practices. Purpose. To optimize elements of cultivation technology for present varieties of spring durum wheat in order to reveal their potential yield as affected by the complex interaction of key factors including preceding crop, primary tillage and fertilization practices under the conditions of unstable humidification in eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Scientific, field, measuring and weighting, thermostat and weighting, chemical, biochemical, statistical, calculation. Novelty. A solution of the important scientific task, namely establishing patterns of yield and grain quality formation in present varieties of spring durum wheat that differs from previously known results by a comprehensive approach to the examination of the varieties' response to preceding crop, primary tillage in crop rotation, nutrition status, micro fertilizer and growth regulators. Results. Expenditure rates and utilization index for the main nutrients as affected by preceding crop and fertilizers status are determined, which allows optimization of the nutrition system. The degree of ecotype attribution of the present varieties of spring durum wheat to cultivation zone confirmed by the value of dry matter accumulation in the grain in the milk stage is found out. The reaction of spring durum wheat on hydrothermic conditions during the critical stages of development as affected by chelated micronutrient Nanomix-Grain and plant growth regulator Bioglobin is examined. Scientific and organizational approaches to spring field activities in the farms of eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are optimized. Implementation. Research results are implemented in Kharkiv region in the NAAS network, namely in SE RF Komsomolets (Loziv district), SE RF Elitne (Kharkiv district), and Chervona Khvylia (Velyki Burluky district), with the total area of 251.2 hectares, which provided an increase in grain yield of spring durum wheat ranged from 0.20 to 0.55 t/ha, conditionally net profit ranged from 68.00 to 809.45 UAH/ha and profitability ranged from 3.3 to 22.3%. The scope of implementation. Research farms of NAAS of Ukraine.