Sharavara V. Activity of missile forces: aspect of the environmental impact assessment (research of environmental safety criteria).

The dissertation is devoted to the study of the influence of objects of strategic rocket forces on the environment and its components. The assessment of the ecological state of military facilities territories is carried out. It is based on field surveys and laboratory tests of collected samples of soil and vegetation and following post-processing of received results. The levels of heavy metals (copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, cadmium, lead) and nitrates in the soil and plant material is established; corresponding comparison with maximum permissible and background concentrations of these substances is performed. Integral assessment of soil pollution is carried out (with application of summary indicator (Zc) and calculated summary coefficient of concentration (D). Intensity of metals and nitrates migrations in system "soil-plant" is accessed by biological accumulation coefficient (Kб). For environmental and analytical assessment of chemical analysis result complex index of pollution is developed (I). The system of environmental safety assessment of former missile forces objects, and its influences on environment is developed. The stages of EIA for military objects includes: 1) environmental monitoring of territories in the zones of pollution source influence (military objects); 2) analysis and assessment of consequences of environmental influence of military object on the environment; 3) development of measures for environmental safety; 4) determination and justification of direction for areas usage. The criteria of environmental safety of demilitarized areas are justified. It includes: assessment of soil ecological condition; evaluation of vegetation cover ecological state; geological structure of territory and the transit potential of the underlying rocks; area of territories polluted by heavy metals which calculated on the basis of GIS-models; density of the hydrological network (permanent watercourses). Five-level scale is developed. Comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of four sites territories of former missile launch complexes troops using GIS models based on the calculation of the index level of environmental safety (Іреб) is conducted. Ecological condition is critical on all study areas, since the values Іреб range from 48 to 59 points, which corresponds to a reduced and low level of environmental safety, respectively. Predictive assessment of the size and disturbed land area by military activity and justification of the ways of their complex rehabilitation is carried out. Results of ecological and practical recommendations for the use of the former territories of rocket forces, taking into account their level of environmental safety are given. Perspective approaches for optimization of engaging of military facilities to economic development are proposed. It is based on implementation of strategic environmental assessment of the state, branch, regional and local development programs, procedures, implementation of such assessment, which provides preparatory, eco-evaluative, comparative, analytical and monitoring stages.