Spas'ka O. Surfactant system to minimize evaporation of hydrocarbon liquids

The thesis is devoted to the creation of the surfactant systems to provide the effective protective coatings for reducing the evaporation of hydrocarbon liquids, increasing the security at their storage and the environment protection. As a result of experimental evidence-based selection of components based on surface-active agents (SAA) of various classes which are barrier for liquid hydrocarbons, it was found a relationship between their molecular structure and insulating ability. At development of the SAA compositions were considered the surface activity of a surfactant, its solubility in water and ability to bind water molecules and hydrogen bonding formation between the components. The chemical interaction between the components at compounding is the main condition for the stability of the coating and a formation a composition that is not destroyed by alkanes. Due the esteric bond between the carboxyl group AFFF with the hydroxyl groups of sorbitone polyethylene monooleate when mixed) significantly increases the size of the hydrophilic part, thus significantly grows the stability of the created system and its resistance to hydrocarbon fluids action. Inclusion of gas-filled microspheres provide buoyancy, high mechanical strength and increase fire safety of coating which reduces evaporation of individual hydrocarbon fluids and mixtures thereof to 99.8 %. Using a gas-filled microspheres and recyclable green plant materials (oleodine, phosphatidine), developed coating that serve both a passive thermal insulation and to minimize evaporation of oil during storage. The developed inverted microdispersions have low density and thermal conductivity, satisfactory flexibility and adhesion to the steel walls of the containers