Safronov O. Synthesis and properties of nitrogen-containing additives and lubricants based on vegetable oils and phosphatides

The dissertation is devoted to search of perspective methods of synthesis of nitrogen - containing products, research of mechanisms of amidation of vegetable oil raw materials, properties of the received substances and their application as additives and constituent components (in compoundings) of lubricants. To achieve this goal, an ecologically safe resource- and energy-saving method for obtaining nitrogen-containing products based on purified vegetable oils by epoxidation and subsequent amidation was proposed. The basic regularities are revealed and the conditions of obtaining these products by simultaneous introduction of the amine component on carbonyl and epoxy groups are optimized. The structure and composition of the obtained products were determined by IR spectroscopy, acid-base titration, determination of iodine, epoxy numbers and nitrogen content. Physico-chemical test methods have proven their antioxidant and anti-corrosion properties, and lubricating compositions with their use are not inferior to existing industrial counterparts. The possibility of using potassium tert-butylate as a catalyst for the amidation of rapeseed oil by amines of different structure has been confirmed. A method of synthesis and technology for obtaining urea greases based on vegetable oils and phosphatide concentrate by amidation with ethylenediamine with subsequent condensation with polyisocyanate have been developed. By means of derivatographic analysis it is established that the upper temperature limit of application of the synthesized greases makes 180-200 ° C and allows to carry them to high-temperature greases. Physicochemical and operational tests of the developed greases show that they are resistant to mechanical destruction, have protective and tribological properties. Improved performance of urea greases based on vegetable oil phosphatide concentrate is achieved without the use of any additional functional additives. The technology is generalized and the scheme of full use of vegetable oils and wastes from their production for production of lubricants by waste-free and ecologically safe process is developed. Keywords: Vegetable oils, phosphatide concentrate, amidation, amines, amides, additives, urea greases.