Mel'nikova O. Improvement of environmental safety of the countryside objects of road infrastructure

The object of the study is environmentally dangers impacts of road infrastructure objects on soils and biota of the territories adjacent to these sites. Research methods: chemical and physicochemical, physiological and biochemical methods of analysis, bioindication and biotesting methods were used in the study of pollution of soil ecosystems in areas adjacent to suburban roads and road infrastructure objects. Hydrochemical and computational methods, mathematical design of experiments, experimental data processing - statistical methods and regression analysis were used to study surface wastewater generated at these sites and methods for their purification. Theoretical and practical results: established the kinetic characteristics of self-cleaning of various types of soils from petroleum products, the kinetic characteristics of the removal of petroleum products from waste water in sedimentation dynamics and quantitative indicators of the influence of the initial concentration of petroleum products, the concentration of suspended solids and the duration of settling on the effect of wastewater treatment from petroleum products. Novelty: for the first time the quantitative indicators of the distribution of petroleum products emitted by suburban road infrastructure objects, in soils of adjacent territories and their hydrocarbon composition, are theoretically substantiated and experimentally established; The kinetic characteristics of self-cleaning of various types of soils in the territories adjacent to various objects of the highway, from petroleum products and their individual fractions, as well as the factors influencing the process (soil type, exposure time and climatic conditions) were theoretically substantiated and experimentally studied; Scientific methods of bioindication of ecologically dangerous technogenic impact of road infrastructure objects on the environment with the help of phytoindication and determination of biochemical and physiological characteristics of soils have been further developed; Further developed the technology of wastewater treatment, formed at various out-of-town facilities of highways, by determining the kinetic characteristics of the removal of petroleum products and individual hydrocarbons (C15-C33) during sedimentation and filtration. Degree of implementation: recommendations have been developed for calculating the technological characteristics of wastewater treatment from the territories of suburban road infrastructure facilities from petroleum products while settling and filtering through the soil cover. The recommendations were forwarded to the State Dos. M.P. Shulgina (act of acceptance and transfer on May 12, 2016). The results obtained, regression dependencies, calculation formulas and regulation of surface wastewater management are introduced into the learning process when studying the discipline "Designing Highways" for students of the KhNADU specialty 6.060101 (act of implementation dated May 17, 2016).