In dissertation work the results of researches concerning the theoretical substantiation and improvement of optimum parameters formation productivity and quality of wheat grain in the conditions of Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. Morphophysiological features of formation and biological productivity potential realization by wheat varieties depending on soil-climatic conditions and elements of cultivation technology are revealed. Was found optimal parameters and regularity of formation elements of the wheat yields structure depending from cultivation technology: general survival, resistance to drowning, plant density and productive density, coefficient of tillering, length of the ear, number of ears and grains in the ear, weight of grain from the ear. Interconnection between elements of the yields structure and the ways of regulating their parameters by the elements of technology was established. It was established that the highest yield of durum wheat varieties is formed at growing with using foliar feeding by nitrogen fertilizers on organogenesis stages IV, VII and X at amount 12.5 and 8.3 kg/ha, in combination with microfertilizers «Rostok»: 3.84 and 3.71 t/ha in variety Kharkivs'ka 27, 4.19 and 4.16 t/ha in variety Kharkiv'ska 41, 4.90 and 4.95 t/ha in variety Gizel and 4.54 and 4.35 t/ha in Isolda variety. Differentiated fertilizing by nitrogen fertilizers increases productivity of spring durum wheat from 0.37 to 0.66 t/ha compare to variant, where was introduced the same amount of fertilizers under pre-sowing cultivation. The highest yield produce variety Gisel with fertilizer systems N75P75K75 + N8.3 IV, VІ, X e. o. + microfertilizer «Rostok» – 4.95 t/ha, which exceeded control (without fertilizers) at 2.86 t/ha. The yield of spring durum wheat significantly depends on the width of the row and seeding rate. The highest yield in variety Kharkivs'ka 27 – 4.5 t/ha, noted for sowing with wide of row 12.5 cm and seeding rate 4.5 million seeds/ha. The lowest – 3.24 t/ha, was recorded with sowing durum wheat at wide 19 cm with seeding rate 3.0 million seeds/ha. On average, the highest yield of variety Kharkivs'ka 27 was formed at the seeding rate 5.5 million seeds/ha – 4.03 t/ha for sowing with wide 12.5 cm and 4.01 t/ha with 19.0 cm respectively. Costs of money for grain production with introduction of low and average norms of macro- and micro-fertilizers, sowing with a width 12.5 cm between rows and a seeding rate 3.0 million seed/ha greatly increases economic and energy efficiency of growing spring durum wheat. The most economically expediently is cultivation of spring durum wheat varieties Gizel and Isolda, sown with row spacing 12.5 cm, seeding rate 4.5 million seeds/ha, fertilizing in rate N75P75K75 and foliar feeding by nitrogen and microfertilizers on IV, VII and X stages of organogenesis. According to the results of research, were developed recommendations for production of spring durum wheat with optimum fertilizing system, seeding rates and sowing methods, which allows to get grain yields at a level 4.5–5.0 t/ha with a protein content 15.2–15.6 % and high economic performance.
