Myronov A. Theoretical and experimental research of the heat exchange processes of carbon-containing raw materials thermal decomposition in an improved pyrolytic apparatus

The research object is the heat exchange processes that occurs in the pyrolysis apparatus of carbon-containing raw materials. The purpose of the work is theoretical and experimental research of heat exchange processes in the apparatus for carbon-containing raw materials pyrolysis in order to ensure its energy efficient functioning by introducing new technological and constructive parameters. Methods of research: optical-raster electron microscopy methods were used to investigate the structure of wood raw materials; hydrodynamic and logometric methods with the use of fixing automatics on humidity devices were determined, the rate of moisture evaporation from the material volume; the control and measuring equipment, in particular the eight-channel device PTE-4.8, was used for temperature determination; the results of experimental research of the wood raw materials pyrolysis process and conditions of heat transfer in the volume of the technological chambers installation were fixed using modern methods of automated analysis and control; the mathematical methods of the deformed polyhedral of Nelder-and-Mead, the principle of problems adequacy by Hadamard, the principle of regularization by Tikhonov, the numerical principle of bisection, as well as the basic principles for solving the inverse heat conduction problem were used in processing the experimental data for determining the coefficient of raw materials thermal conductivity; methods of mathematical modeling and statistics, as well as the programming language Java is used for analysis and synthesis of research results; free mathematical packages were used for calculations, as well as a package of three-dimensional solid-state modeling “КОМПАС”. Theoretical and practical results: the key thermophysical characteristics of wood were studied and measures to improve the energy efficiency of carbon-containing raw material pyrolysis process in order to obtain high quality wood charcoal were proposed. Scientific novelty: the influence of carbon-containing raw materials preparation stage to the further processing were experimentally grounded for the first time, as well as the dependence between the thermal conductivity coefficient and initial porosity of carbon-containing raw materials and the quality of the final product of pyrolysis is determined; new scientific data on the totality of thermal processes occurring in the space of the pyrolytic apparatus and inside the wood raw material during the pyrolysis process were experimentally obtained; a new method of thermal conductivity coefficient identifying of carbon-containing raw materials, which is protected by the Ukrainian patent (Patent UA 103355. Method of identification of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of wood) were described for the first time; for the conditions of the conducted thermophysical experiment, a mathematical model of heat conduction processes occurring in carbon-containing raw material during the production cycle of coal-burning was developed for the first time; the internal inverse stationary heat conduction problem to obtaining the values of the wood thermal conductivity coefficient in the temperature range from 20° to 640°C was solved for the first time; a new energy-efficient method of rational distribution of raw materials in the pyrolytic apparatus space, which takes into account the complexity of its geometric form and allows saving initial energy resources in production, was developed and scientifically substantiated. The degree of implementation: the results of the work were introduced into the educational process of the Department of Integrated Technologies, Processes and Apparatuses of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". Scope of application: energy, chemical, pyrolytic and charcoal-burning industries.