The thesis deals with physiological and hygienic characteristics of the labour conditions of workers engaged in the synthesis of refractory metal compound nanopowders, assessing their health state, as well as determination of chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles effects on the organism of experimental animals, and the scientific substantiation of measures to prevent its negative effects on the body. It has been established that the work of the operator for chromium disilicide nanopowder synthesis by the high-energy mechanoactivation method is carried out under the influence of a complex of factors, the leading of which is CrSi2 nano-aerosol at concentrations of 30370-52000 nanoparticles/cm3. The size and morphology of titanium nano-nitride and chromium nano-disilicide were determined. The 4th hazard class was established according to the LD50 value (>5000 mg/kg) in mice oral gavage studies, a mild irritant effect on the rabbit's eyes mucous membranes and the absence of irritating effect on the rabbits and guinea pigs skin were established in the experiments on laboratory animals. The general toxic effect of titanium nitride and chromium disilicide nanopowders, which is manifested by a significant decrease in body weight, changes in the liver, kidney, lung, heart and spleen weights, activation of lipid peroxidation, gene expression (NAMPT, UPS7, FAS, E2F8, TBX3, IL13RA2, IGFBP1,3,5), degenerative-dystrophic changes in the liver and kidneys, was studied in the subchronic experiment (40 injections of 1000 mg/kg daily). The penetration of a TiN nanocluster from the membrane outer surface into the cell by a mechanism similar to endocytosis through a change in the energy of the chemical bond in the PhCh and PhA complex is proved. As a result of the general clinical examination of the operators, we have identified a complex of early, usually hidden, clinical manifestations of their health impairment, in the form of structural and functional changes in the liver parenchyma and biliary tract, myocardium and major vessels (internal and external carotid artery), thyroid gland, as well as biochemical changes in blood (elevation of ALT and AST, cholesterol levels). Immunoenzyme method demonstrated the participation of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1, TNF-а, IL-6, IL-4) in the toxicoallergic origin of the detected clinical changes. The results of conducted hygienic, toxicological and clinical studies allowed substantiation of measures to optimize the working conditions of operators engaged in the production of titanium nitride and chromium disilicide nanoparticles by thermosynthesis and high-energy mechanical activation methods. Our calculated values of TSEL in the working zone air are 0.5 mg/m3 for nanoCrSi2 and 0.53 mg/m3 for nanoTiN, respectively.
