Dissertation is sanctified to deepening of understanding in relation to a health hazard child's population of contamination of outdoor air by hard parts of dust, by the aeroallergens of plants and trees, anthropogenic factors of environment in modern terms that probably form risk of development of bronchial asthma factors for children and to the improvement of the methodical going near their hygienical estimation. 739 children aged 3 to 18 living in Kyiv were surveyed, including 369 boys and 370 girls. 110 children were in the control group, 134 children were diagnosed with bronchitis, 76 children were diagnosed with hay fever, 250 children were diagnosed with bronchial asthma. The total incidence of bronchial asthma among children in 2019 was 58,85 per 10 thousand children in the Kyiv city. On the basis of complex researches the got is given in relation to forming of levels of chemical contamination (in particular РМ10, РМ2,5) of the ground layer of atmospheric air in a city areal, the leading role of РМ10, РМ2,5, as risk factors for the health of child's population. Combination of chemical contamination is described by hard parts of dust and biological pollen of aeroallergens, as modifying risk factors of forming of bronchial asthma for children with medical and social positions. The bioaerosol composition of the atmosphere was investigated by volumetric sampler "Burkard Pollen Trap" (manufactured in the UK). The prognostic significance of certain factors in the probable formation of asthma in children by ranking prognostic coefficients is proved. Thus, the greatest prognostic value were: shortness of breath in the middle of the night (91,89), allergic rhinitis (67,43), the frequency of SARS once a month (63,85), allergic diathesis (63,68), pneumonia under the age of one year (59,15), air pollution (56,42), allergy to the introduction of juices (55,46), complications of antenatal development (54,45). There is a decrease in the prevalence of asthma in children of Kyiv from 70.1 in 2015 to 58,9 (per 10 thousand children) in 2019, but an increase from 4,7 in 2018 to 5,2 in 2019 (per 10 thousand children). This confirms the need to use the primary incidence of asthma as a population indicator of the health of children. In the study of hereditary factors, it was found that in 21,6 ± 2,0 % of clinically healthy children (control group) respiratory pathology of allergic origin was in close relatives, including in a quarter of them 5,7 ± 1,1 % of hereditary nature - through both parents. In children with asthma, the severity of the pathology in general reaches 76,3 ± 6,8 %, which is 3,5 times higher than the control group (p <0,05), including in 15,8 ± 3,9 % there is polysheredity and 60,5 ± 7,7 % monoheredity of pathology. Predictors of asthma formation in children on such allergen-specific factors was: histamine 93,8 ± 2,0 % of cases), mold fungi - 93,8 ± 6,0 %, dog hair - 68,8 ± 10,5 %, cat fur - 75,0 ± 10,8 %, bird down - 62,5 ± 12,1 %, DP-9 - 37,5 ± 4,09 %, DPS -193 - 50,0 ± 4,2 %. In general, high and hypersensitivity is detected in up to 8 allergens out of 20 used. Among the manifestations of allergic reactions to food allergens, the first places are invariably occupied by egg white and egg yolk, tomatoes, pollock, hake, chicken, orange, carrots, raspberries, cow's milk casein. In second, third and fourth place - food allergens, which change periodically. The connection of pollen concentration of aeroallergens with the frequency of formation of the general incidence of asthma in children of Kyiv in Darnytskyi district (r = 0,99, p<0,02 for plants: maple (Acer L.), birch (Betula L.), pine (Pinus L.); in the Desnyansky district (r = 0,99, р<0,001) for plants: nettle (Urtica L.); in the Dneprovsky district (r = 0,99, р<0,025) for plants: walnut (Juglans L.), silk (Morus L.), pine (Pinus L.), poplar (Populus), willow (Salix L.), elm (Ulmus L.); the frequency of primary incidence of asthma in Desnyansky and Dniprovsky districts (r = 0,99, p<0,05) on plants: cereals (Poaceae L.) and nettle (Urtica L.), which further initiates the formation of risk factors for asthma, which directly depend on the presence of pollen in the air and causes sensitization of the child's body by pollen allergens. It is proved that air pollution was of great prognostic value for the formation of asthma in children (56,4 2%). On the basis of the executed researches the complex of events of the early exposure and prophylaxis, sent to warning of development of bronchial asthma for children who live in the conditions of contamination of atmospheric air by means of drawing on a three-stage epidemiology research, is worked out.
