The dissertation is devoted to a detailed study of the meteorological subgrid scale processes, which determine the energy-mass exchange between earth's surface and atmosphere. Information about these processes is necessary for understanding of climate change causes. For study these processes the energy balance model of the atmospheric surface layer (model SLEB), which using the data of meteorological observations and information of the surface layer state, has been proposed. It makes possible to study the processes of "atmosphere-surface" interaction in scales of smaller or comparable to the grid of meteorological models. The energy balance model is based on the classical theory of the surface layer of Monin-Obukhov, which allows us to find the basic scales and hydrostatic stability of the surface layer. To describe the various physical laws that determine the thermodynamic interaction between the atmosphere and surface, are using various theoretical laws, which reliably confirmed by experimental data. The solution of the equations system representing the law of energy conservation on the surface layer is performed using recursive procedures (the Gauss-Jordan method). The solution is based on the using of complex recursion when referring to the functions of many arguments containing of the unknown variable - the surface temperature. The accuracy of heat balance equation closing with account of input meteorological data errors, is 2,5% . The model SLEB, for the first time for this model class, allows estimating 30 different values, parameters and scales of the surface and atmosphere boundary layers, which in aggregate describe in detail all the characteristic features of the surface-atmosphere interaction processes. For study, used data of the meteorological observations of 38 stations of the South-West regions of Ukraine for period 1996-2007.This period is characterized as the first period of intensive growth of global surface temperatures. The model validation, which was carried out by the experimental and fact data, is shown satisfactory results (relative calculated error of the total radiation is in the range 0,3-7,6%, the relative calculated error of the underlying surface temperature does not exceed 10%). Since all the surface energy balance values are related analytically, the reliability of the mass calculations results of one of them, the temperature of the underlying surface, means the reliability of all the others. Thus, obtaining a high interconnection between the measured and calculated radiant and heat fluxes indicates the validity of the proposed parameterization scheme of the interaction processes. The performed researches of the surface heat balance components allowed revealing changes of heat flows for investigating period. These noticeable changes are caused by an increase of the air temperature and especially the surface temperature. Climatologic studies of parameters and scales, revealing of statistical laws and their manifestations, distribution laws and other climatic indicators allow us to proceed to study the influence of climate on processes of energy-mass transfer in the boundary layer. The parametric energy-balance model of the surface layer can be successfully applied in various fields of science, such as atmospheric diffusion of harmful impurities, alternative energy, agro-meteorology and hydrology.
