Bezsonov Y. Determination of the region ecological safety level by the method of toxic-energy response of the water ecosystem biotic components

The dissertation presents the solution of the actual scientific and practical task, which consists in developing a comprehensive method for assessing the level of ecological safety in the region. It is based on the study of indicators of local water ecosystems biotic components, as the last link in the environment, which is imposed on the entire set of transformational processes of direct and indirect multifactorial influence. Aquatic ecological systems are considered the most objective integral indicator of the relationship between man and nature in a specific socioecological system of the regional or local level. Quantitative indicators of the stenobiotic components of aquatic ecosystems, the theoretical foundations of the Biosphere Laws such as tolerance of Shelford’s, the complexity and energy distribution in food chains are determined as the basis of assessment and provision system of the region ecological safety. Using the mentioned constituents, a method of toxic-energy response is developed, which operates with the concepts of «indicator of potential mortality» and «energy niche» related to a certain feature of a group of organisms. The methodology of their determination is also developed. The harmfulness of the sewage factor on the stenobionous organisms, in particular the Gammaridae family, has been experimentally proved. Based on field and cell research, the toxicological and energy response functions of river hydrobionts to the complex of natural and anthropogenic factors action was determined. The established regularities of the reaction are used in calculating the ecological safety index for the Southern Bug River. On the example of the Mykolaiv region of Ukraine, the causal relationships between the industrial complex of man and the natural environment, which determine the low current value of the proposed index, are analyzed. It was established that the determining factor for the formation of ecological safety of the water ecosystem and the surrounding socioecological systems is the level of damming in the basin. In the R environment and MS Excel, the degree of correlation between river water flow and its hydrochemical parameters is determined. Using the methods of statistical analysis, it has been proved that the water content of the investigated aquatic ecosystem is reduced. A nine-step algorithm for determining the level of ecological safety of natural and socioecological systems, using the method of toxic-energy response, was developed. The plan-situational algorithm for ensuring environmental safety was substantiated. The man-made risk for an industrial object in the river basin (for the South-Ukrainian Nuclear Energy Complex) was determined. The methodologies of calculating the size of ecological damage for water ecosystems in the energy equivalent are proposed. The limits of nature use are grounded and the estimated volumes of ecosystem services of the river are determined. The efficiency of using the index of oxidation-reduction potential of natural waters for the estimation of their quality level and the state of the ecological system in general was investigated. The results of the analysis of international environmental law prove that the providing of ecological safety should take a priority place in the system of socioecosystems sustainable development. Keywords: ecological safety level; water ecosystem; method of toxic-energy response; stenobionts; energy niche; ecological risk; providing algorithm.