Liashenko V. Agro-climatic resources of growing crops in a hilly relief

The dissertation is devoted to the evaluation of agroclimatic resources of growing crops in a hilly relief. Based on the analysis of a special literature, the state of the problem of the estimation of agro-climatic resources and their crop yields on the lands with a hilly relief has been studied. The work substantiates the approach of the evaluation of the agro-climatic resources of growing crops in a hilly relief. According to the commonly used in microclimatology methodology, the areas with different morphometric indices, which determine a spatial redistribution of the indicators of agro-climatic resources in a hilly relief, are distinguished. According to the mechanism of a microclimate formation for various indicators of agro-climatic resources there is a different complex of morphometric indices. For the selected morphometric indicators in the ArcGIS program, a large-scale relief map for the territory of the Nadliman village council has been compiled. The parameters of the microclimatic variability of agro-climatic resources indices and frost and frost-free conditions for the selected areas with different morphometric indices - total 28 sites - are specified for the territories of Ovidiopolsky and Tarutinsky districts and the Nadlimansky village council. Calculations of radiation-light resources and moisture resources and frost and frost-free conditions for the conditions of a flat place for the multi-year data of the Odessa MS are carried out. Frost and frost danger indexes for 10 sites with different morphometric characteristics, which are further merged in 5 microdistricts according to the degree of frost and frost-danger are determined. The average of the absolute minimum temperatures in the winter varies from -15 and 17°C in the first non-frost-sensitive area to -21 and 23 °C in the fifth frost-dangerous area. As a result of zoning, a microclimatic map of frost and frost danger for the territory of Ovidiopolsky and Tarutinsky districts and the Nadlman village council was charted. On the basis of the made map the areas that are unsuitable for growing heat-loving crops are cut off. The obtained results of agro-climatic resources for the different locations of the Nadliman village council allowed to calculate the potential and climatic potential yields of cultivated crops - winter wheat, spring barley, corn, sunflower and grapes – 65-80, 40-58, 70-86 centners per hectare. Climatically possible yield is of cultivated crops is equal 36-64, 20-38, 36-73 і 24-47 c/ha. The maximum yield is observed in the areas with greater moisture - in the valleys and the lower part of the northern slopes, and the minimum is observed on the watershed flat surfaces and the upper parts of the slopes. It is established that the maximum potential yield is observed on the southern slopes, and the minimum - on the northern ones. Fluctuations in the potential yields in the territory range from 15, 18, 28 і 16 c/ha. Fluctuation in the yield is 28, 18, 37 і 23 c/ha. Calculations of the potential and climatically possible grape yield indicate their large fluctuations depending on the elements of the relief. By preserving the general trend of changes in crop yields by the location, the difference for potential and climatic potential yields is respectively 165 - 216 c/ha and 98 - 198 c/ha. Grouping the locations according to the level of the yield was made and 3 microdistricts due to potential yield and 5 due to climatically possible yield were allocated. A large-scale map of the climatically possible harvests on the territory of the Nadliman village council of Ovidiopolsky district of the Odessa region has been drawn up.