The thesis is one of the first complex monographic studies, in which a system of measures to prevent robbery attacks on banking institutions and collectors has been developed using modern methods of cognition, which resulted in the formulation of a number of innovative provisions, conclusions, and proposals that can serve to further the development of state policy in sphere of protection of banking activity, improvement of legislative base, and law-enforcement practice in this sphere.
The work provides criminological characteristics of robbery attacks on banking institutions and collectors. Analysis of robbery attacks on banking institutions and collectors gave grounds for distinguishing the following characteristic features: a stably negative trend towards an increase in the size of the phenomenon in the state and the intensity of the spread in the territories of the eastern and southern regions, which is associated with large-scale military operations in the ATO zone; maintaining a significant share in the structure of self-serving violent crime, which tends to decrease; the group character of criminal manifestations, among which the most part are encroachments on an organized and professional basis related to murders, attempted murder, and serious bodily harm; use of firearms, cold steel, explosive devices; increase in the amount of damage: more than UAH 7 million per year and victims of crime — strangers.
The determinants that contributed to the committing of robbery attacks on banking institutions and collectors were systematized, their long-term criminological analysis was carried out, the most significant of them were identified, which determine and facilitate the commission of robberies of this category, in particular: economic, social, political, organizational, psychological, and technical.
The criminological portrait of a person committing robbery attacks on banking institutions and collectors is provided below: it is a male citizen of Ukraine at the age of 23 to 35, graduated from secondary general educational institution, at the time of the crime he did not study and did not work at all; negatively related to study and, therefore, formally attended the educational institution; periodically drinks alcohol; his value orientations and sense of justice are aimed at the consumer lifestyle, full freedom of action, and highly paid work, material security and wealth; it is a person with average intellect level, abstracted thinking, violation of the regulation of behaviour and intellectual control causing unconditional satisfaction of desires and needs; convicted; not married; with selfish motivation, he is capable of group committing a crime.
It was noted that one of the directions of the decision of the legal regulation of prevention of robbery attacks on banking institutions and collectors is the adoption of the developed and proposed Law of Ukraine “On Encashment”, which determines the directions of the development of the market for encashment services, guidelines for streamlining departmental regulations on this issue and ensuring the conformity of the development of the market for the transport of funds to the requirements of the EU, as well as it will be the only normative act for all participants of the market of collection of funds and transportation of currency values, namely: banks, carriers, customers, and organizations providing security services.
Based on the study of the experience of foreign countries, it was proposed: to create specialized police units in Ukraine to combat organized crime as a separate interregional territorial body, one of whose tasks will be to carry out measures for armed assaults; to create experimental operational and preventive units of the criminal police in Ukraine, on the basis of which it would be possible to test the very idea of operational-search crime prevention, to work out the forms and methods of this work in the current conditions of the National Police; to intensify such a direction of prevention of robbery attacks on banking institutions and collectors as preventive training of personnel of banking institutions.
The main security services and activities promoting the strengthening of banking safety in Ukraine were identified, and minimum standards for bank security were proposed; a conceptual vision of the interaction of public authorities in preventing robbery attacks on banking institutions and collectors was determined on the basis of analysis of research results of domestic and foreign scientists.
