Miakaieva H. Modeling of anthropogenic impact of heat power plants on the hydrosphere

The thesis is devoted to the actual problem of reducing the technogenic load on the hydrosphere from thermal power plants by modeling and forecasting the processes of distribution of pollutants in the heat power facilities location zones. As a result of the research, a mathematical model of the transport of pollutants along the soil profile has been developed. Taking into account changes in pressure and water saturation, depending on the intensity of precipitation, climatic conditions, the model allowed to predict the state of groundwater in the aeration zone of thermal power plants and during filtration from the ash and slag dump. On the basis of the finite element method, algorithms for numerical solution of the problems of profile filtration and mass transfer of pollutants have been developed. To assess the impact of Sumy TPP on the condition of adjacent territories and to identify migration pathways for polluting substances, snow cover, soil and vegetation, studies on the content of heavy metals were carried out, which showed that the enterprise had a negative impact on the adjacent territories. In order to reduce the influence of ash and slag dumps on the hydrosphere, measures that envisage the construction of a protective screen in the ash and slug dump and the processing of ash and slag have been developed. As a result of the conducted studies, the possibility of using local clay materials as sorbents was confirmed.