Konovalova N. Diagnosis of developmental disorders and rehabilitation of children born to mothers drinking alcohol

The thesis presents a solution to the scientific problem - improvement of diagnosis of developmental disorders and optimization of rehabilitation of young children born to mothers drinking alcohol on the basis of studying the dynamic features of physical, motor, cognitive, socio-emotional, speech and self-service skills, aimed at strengthening their health and improving social adaptation.Di fferent phenotypic manifestations of prenatal effects of alcohol on fetus in young children were defined: congenital malformations associated with alcohol, fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome. Perinatal risk factors of developmental disorders in young children born to mothers with alcohol abuse include alcohol toxicity, premature birth, absence of medical observation of mothers during pregnancy, artificial ventilation in early neonatal period. It was found that physical development of young children born to mothers drinking alcohol has specific features depending on the phenotypic manifestation of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and is characterized by slow or delayed weight gain and growth at birth, and even during early childhood. It has been shown that a significant increase in the patterns of delta and theta rhythm of the standard EEG, "light" and "moderate" diffuse changes in the EEG, interhemispheric EEG asymmetry in the adjusted age range of 24 to 36 months is a marker of developmental disorder. It was found that the use of KID-RCDI-2000 scales allows to improve the early diagnosis of neuropsychiatric and motor development disorders and to predict developmental malformations in the adjusted age range of 6-12 months. The young children born to mothers with alcohol abuse were found to present with developmental disorders of the main domains (cognitive, motor, speech, socio-emotional, adaptive) with varying frequency and depending on the phenotype of the prenatal action of alcohol. Compared with prematurely born children with perinatal pathology at the age of 24-36 months, they are more likely to have a delay in cognitive and socio-emotional development.