The Ph.D. thesis is devoted to the study of the influence of neonicotinoid insecticides Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG on the organism of laboratory animals and layer chickens. It was determined the level of preparations acute toxicity by the indices of the for white mice after oral administration and skin-resorptive toxicity at skin application of rats. DL50 of Mospilan RP was 656.25±170.6, Aktara 25 WG – 3631.24±
96.12 mg/kg of body weight. By determined indices of acute toxicity according to the classification of substances according to toxicity, the insecticidal preparations Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG belonged to the class IV – low-toxic (DL50 = 501–5000 mg/kg of body weight). According to the Hygienic substances classification by skin-resorptive toxicity Mospilan RP belonged to the third level of toxicity (DL50>2000 mg/kg). The acute course of poisoning by Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG in mice characterized mainly by nervous disorders (central and autonomic nervous system damage), as evidenced by the clinical manifestation: depression, seizures, ataxia (violation of movement coordination), tremor, respiratory failure. After daily oral administration of Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG to mice at a dose of 1/10 of DL50 the clinical manifestations of poisoning and death of animals were not observed. It was registered thrombocytosis, neutrocytosis and lymphocytopenia, hyperalbuminosis and urea content decrease in the blood plasma; activity of the aspartate transaminase (AST) increased in 1.8 and
1.6 times, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity – in 1.8 and approximately in 4 times respectively, activity of the alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) increased by 1.2 under the effect of Mospilan RP only. Changes in the blood indices and the results of biochemical studies indicated the development of profound changes in specific organs and systemically. Decrease in the hematocrit level, number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, content of blood hemoglobin, total protein, glucose, and increase of creatinine and uric acid levels were registered in the blood of laying chickens at the 30 day after commencement feeding with feed containing Mospilan RP at doses of
65 mg/kg and 32.5 mg/kg of body weight and Aktara 25 WG at doses of 360 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg of body weight. Hypoproteinemia, which was observed in chickens that received feed with Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG in doses of 1/10 and 1/20 DL50 for 30 days indicated the toxic damage of liver and kidney cells. Hypoalbuminemia registered in different time of studies, indicated disturbance of the liver protein-synthesizing function of the chickens under the influence of Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG. After consuming feed with Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG the ALAT activity increased in 2.8 – 4 times, AST in 2.2 – 2.3 times, while the cholinesterase activity in the blood plasma of laying chickens of research groups was lower in 1.6 – 1.9 times than in the control. Increase of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in the plasma of blood indicated the development of pathological processes in the bile ducts. So, GGT hyperfermentemia is an indicative symptom of intrahepatic cholestasis, damage of hepatocyte membranes near the biliary pole and epithelial cells that lined the lumen of the bile ducts. Concentration of uric acid in blood plasma of chickens of the experimental groups M1 and M2 was higher compared to the same index of the control group all the time of observation, and in the blood plasma of chickens of the research group A1 and A2 the significant increase of this index was registered only on 20 th day of the experiment. The content of the creatinine in the blood plasma of experimental groups of chickens, which consumed feed with Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG, increased significantly already on 10th days after the insecticide was introduced into the organism of poultry. Prolonged consumption of feed containing Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG affected the carbohydrate metabolism of laying chickens, resulted in the glycolysis disturbance and caused the depletion of carbohydrate reserves (decrease in the glucose concentration in the blood plasma of poultry in experimental groups). Studies of the blood plasma biochemical indices of the experimental groups of chickens which consumed feed with Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG showed significant changes in the level of macroelements, namely total calcium, chlorine, sodium and potassium, caused by the effect of negative factor, as the daily intake of preparations with feed. At chronic poisoning of laying chickens with Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG, decrease in egg production of the poultry and changes in the veterinary and sanitary parameters of meat were established. Long oral administration (30 days) of Mospilan RP and Aktara 25 WG at a dose of 1/10 DL50 and 1/20 DL50 to laying hens caused development of dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in liver and kidneys; capillary congestion, stasis, myocardial stroma edema and albuminous degenerat
