The dissertation is devoted to the development of methods for assessing the level of environmental safety and territorial risk in the conditions of emission of chemically hazardous substances in the railway transport. The scientific novelty of the dissertation work is as follows:
1. A mathematical model for assessing the level of environmental safety in the event of the emission of chemically hazardous substances in the railway transport has developed further. This model, unlike existing ones, allows us to calculate the non-stationary process of atmospheric air pollution taking into account the velocity and trajectory of traction, the velocity and direction of wind, the state of the atmosphere, the type of emission of a dangerous substance, the process of chemical transformation of impurities in the atmosphere.
2. For the first time a method of spatio-temporal assessment of the territorial risk in the case of emission of harmful or chemically dangerous substances during the operation of rolling stock of railway transport, which takes into account the movement of the source of emissions, trajectory of the composition of the composition, velocity and direction of the wind, the mode of emission of the pollutant from the moving source of emissions.
3. The method of assessing the effectiveness of protection of the atmosphere from pollution during the elimination of the consequences of technological spills on the railway transport, based on the taking of a pair of dangerous substances from the bottling zone, has been improved. This method takes into account, unlike existing ones, the presence of screens near the filling zone, the position of the extractor umbrella and its geometric shape.
Practical value. All developed mathematical models are implemented as packages of programs (codes). The constructed models can be used in the development of PLAS (Emergency Plan) for various railway transport objects.
The results obtained in the dissertation, the developed models and software packages are used in the State Emergency Situations Service of Ukraine (DNSU of Ukraine) and in the educational process of the Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan.
In developing the method for assessing environmental safety it is taken into account that emissions from diesel locomotive and other vehicles using diesel fuel undergo chemical transformations in the atmosphere. In the dissertation work the process of chemical transformations of oxide and nitrogen dioxide contained in the emissions of some vehicles is considered. A new method of spatio-temporal assessment of territorial risk in the case of emission of chemically hazardous substances during the operation of railway transport is proposed. The method is based on the numerical integration of three- or two-dimensional equations of the mass transfer of a dangerous substance in the atmosphere and the use of information about the probability of realization of certain meteorological conditions. The developed method allows to estimate the territorial risk taking into account the speed of the train, the route of transportation, the intensity of emission, chemical transformations of impurities in the atmosphere.
The application of developed numerical models for solving a complex of tasks in the field of environmental protection during operation of railway transport is given. The results of the solution of the task of assessing the level of environmental safety during the operation of the shunting diesel locomotive of the ChME 3 series, which allow to assess the shape, size, intensity of atmospheric pollution, the residential zone, its change over time in the conditions of the locomotive movement and taking into account the chemical transformation of emissions in the atmosphere is presented. An assessment of the territorial risk under the conditions of the shunting diesel locomotive at the sorting station was also performed.
The results of the decision of the complex of tasks for the assessment of ecological safety, as well as the solution of tasks for the assessment of the territorial risk in the event of an emergency situation during the transportation of chemically dangerous cargoes at the Pridneprovskaya Railroad, are presented. The territorial risk matrices for different moments of time after the start of emission of dangerous substances from the moving tank are given.
The results of solving the problems of protecting the atmosphere from pollution by means of the use of local suction pumps located near the emergency spill area of hazardous substance are presented. Problem solving is obtained using developed numerical models. Using the proposed models allows optimizing the process of protecting the atmosphere from pollution by choosing the best option for protection by mathematical modeling.
Keywords: environmental safety assessment, atmosphere pollution, accidental releases, territorial risk.
