Kopyova I. The perpetrator as an accomplice in a crime: the concept, types, liability.

The work is devoted to the comprehensive study of such an accomplice as the perpetrator of a crime. The objective and subjective characteristics of the perpetrator are determined. Classification of the perpetrators of the crime is carried out on different grounds. Based on the analysis of objective and subjective characteristics of the perpetrator, as well as its types, the notion of perpetrator and co-perpetrator is formulated. The issue of qualification of a crime committed with the participation of one perpetrator and an accomplice of another kind, as well as qualification issues of the members of the organized group and the criminal organization was investigated. Court practice was summed up regarding the qualifications of perpetrator acts in groups that differ to the extent of stability of subjective relations among accomplices. The features of liability of the perpetrator and other accomplices in cases of unsuccessful and non-consequential complicity, in the presence of excessive act, as well as in the commitment of crimes with the special subject are revealed. The conditions of voluntary refusal of the perpetrator and the co-perpetrator to commit a crime are determined.