The dissertation is devoted to the study of the regularities of the influence of lead on the risk of developing osteopathies in industrial areas and the scientific substantiation of the development of preventive measures to minimize them. Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the content of osteotropic abiotics - lead and cadmium in food products of the industrial region showed their growth during the experimental period by 1.7-5 times in products of both plant and animal origin, increasing the danger to the inhabitants of the industrial city. The results of the conducted hygienic research revealed an imbalance of the main nutrients in the actual nutrition of the population due to a significant deficit in the consumption of dairy products - by 57%, fresh vegetables and fruits - by 53%, meat and fish - by 18-37% of daily needs, this is characteristic for the inhabitants of the industrial city. The defined by calculated method levels of calcium, zinc and copper in the daily dietary diet of inhabitants of ecologically contrasting cities, testifies that the alimentary provision with the investigated elements of the industrial city population is by 35-62% lower relative to their physiological needs and by 1-4% relative to the control city. Analysis of the use of vitamin and mineral supplements by the population shows that among the respondents only 21% of men and 35% of women consume them with daily diet, and the proportion of mineral components unlike vitamins is insignificant, indicating the ignorance and inappropriate attention of the population to this essential component of nutrition. The results of clinical and hygienic research results among inhabitants of ecologically contrasting territories prove that in the bone tissue of industrial city inhabitants, the concentration of osteotropic macroelements - calcium and magnesium is reliably lower by 20% and 23%, respectively. There is noted the decrease in the content of trace elements (zinc, copper and manganese) by 16%, 14% and 30% respectively, in comparison with similar data of the inhabitants of the control area and generally lower by 1.9-3.5 times than their physiological norm. The level of iron in the bone tissue was higher by 17% in the industrial area compared to the control. Thus, the revealed reliable decrease of macro- and micronutrients content in the bone tissue of industrial region inhabitants as compared with the control has caused the increase in the relative risk of anthropogenic loading of the environment on the decrease of calcium in the bone tissue, which by a chance ratio is higher by 5.6 times, zinc - by 12 times, and copper - by 6 times, as compared to people living in the control area. The calculated average levels of macro- and micronutrients in the blood of the studied population of the industrial area indicate that magnesium content is lower by 18.8% (p<0.05), iron - by 14.8% (p<0.05) in comparison with those living in the control territory, making up 44,83±1,39 mg/l and 55,19 ± 7,79 mg/l and 212,20±15,7 mg/l and 249,04±10,7 mg/l, respectively. The results of hygienic analysis of the copied data of bone mineral density of industrial and control area inhabitants, made by osteodensitometry method, indicate that the bone mineral density (according to the T-score) among the investigated contingent of industrial territories is lower by 2.15-4.6 times (p<0.01 ) as compared to the inhabitants of the control territory. The BMD index is lower by 13.2-20% (p<0.01) as compared to the latter in the residents of the control area. A significant decrease in the levels of osteoassociated macro- and trace elements in the blood and bone tissue of the industrial region inhabitants causes bone metabolism disorder and contributes to the decrease of bone mineral density, and as a consequence - osteopathy development. The results of studying low doses of metals in organic and inorganic forms testify that lead leads to disruption of rat's bone metabolism by reducing content of osteoassociated macro- and microelements in the bone tissue: calcium - by 28% (p<0.01), zinc - by 6,9% (p<0.05), copper - by 43,5% (p<0.01) compared with similar data in the control group of animals, in the pathogenesis of which the nature of metal plays an important role - its organic form causes more pronounced deviations from control (11,2-44,8%). It is fully anticipated that the lead content in bone tissue has doubled (60.8±4.27 mg/kg), compared with control (31.37±2.3 mg/kg), this testifies to the active accumulation of this abiotic metal by the bone tissue, even in the conditions of its low dose exposure. It was found that the combined effect of lead and organic and inorganic zinc forms reliably increases the content of calcium by 16.4% (p<0.01) and by 22.04% (p<0.001), respectively, compared to the lead group, this proves protective properties of zinc under conditions of lead intoxication due to the effect of bioanagonism. It is calculated that the type of combined action of the binary "lead-zinc" mixture on the level of lead and calcium in bone tissue is characterized as antagonistic (Kca = 0.44-0.65; Ker = 1.53-2.3 (lead) and Kca = 0.31-0.39; Ker = 2,5-3,2 (calcium)). The conducted analysis of variance ANOVA and Duncan test show that zinc citrate increases the level of calcium, zinc and copper in the bone tissue against the background of lead intoxication by 4,8% (p?0.05), 12,7% (p<0.001) and by 16,4% (p<0.05) respectively, compared to animals that received lead zinc chloride under the lead impact. It was revealed that zinc in organic form has more powerful protective effects than macroform, as evidenced by the increase of calcium content in bone tissue by 2.1 times (p<0.001) and by 1.4 times (p<0.05) respectively, as compared with control. Comprehensive preventive approach to the implementation of biological prophylaxis involves a phased system of measures aimed at detecting changes in the elemental status, donosologic changes in the human body, followed by correction of micro- and macroelement status, depending on the type and extent of the identified violations.
