Dissertation for the degree of a candidate of technical sciences, specialty 05.01.01
– аpplied geometry, engineering graphics. – Kyiv National University of Construction
and Architecture, Kyiv, 2018.
The work is devoted to establishing the relationship between geometrical
parameters of energy efficiency and indicators of energy balance and the creation on
this basis of a corresponding geometrically interpreted method of computer calculations
and visualizations.
Complex analysis of software tools for calculation of thermal balance and rational
methods of graphical modeling is performed.
The system model of formation of an energy-efficient building in the form of a
hierarchical structure, which combines the object hierarchy and the methods of
modeling its geometry, is developed. Such a decomposition model of an architectural
object is multivariate, allows adding new variants of the geometry of an object and
combining into one whole the entire structural model of an object. The paper presents
the main variants of modification of the geometric structure of the object to improve the
energy balance of the building.
The process of forming a model of energy-efficient building with a detailed
elaboration of the stage of formation of a geometric model of an object is explored. To
structure the energy-efficient building process, it is proposed to be divided into three
stages: 1) pre-project stage; 2) the stage of formation of the geometric model of the
object; 3) stage of optimization and creative improvement of the object.
The principles of constructing a discretely presented geometric model of the heat
balance of a building based on the principle physical regularities of heat exchange in
premises is established, which makes it possible to take into account all types of heat
exchange between surfaces and air environment of premises. The principle of a
geometric model is to create a graph with different types of ties between vertices, to
form a matrix of vertex graph joints, and is the basis for constructing a geometricinterpreted
computer method. The simulation process with the use of this mathematical
tool is the compilation of equations of thermal balance for each of the nodes of the
graph, followed by the solution of the resulting system with respect to the temperatures
or volumes of heat consumption.
The computer-oriented methodology is developed, which allows to connect the
indicators of energy balance and architectural and design features of the object. The
approach allows, by varying the volume of heat supply, to predict the expected
temperature indices in the air and on the surfaces of wall structures in the premises of
the study building. The methodology includes the possibility of solving the inverse
problem of variational design of architectural and planning and design solutions, as well
as decisions on the application of engineering systems in order to minimize the heat loss
of a building. The method is implemented in the environment of the mathematical
processor Mathcad.
On the basis of the graphical-technological (functional) approach, a general
approach to constructing a graphic model is developed in the form of special functional
diagrams, which, as accurately as possible and taking into account architectural design
features, visualize the information on the distribution of energy flows in the building in
the form of thermal balance. In the work, a diagram is developed that is characterized
by the integrity of the diagram of parallel sets, but acquires the properties of the Sankey
diagram, that is, the symbiosis of two data diagrams.
The proposed graphic model is informative, visual and convenient for designing,
since it directly combines the parameters of the investigated physical process with the
volume-planning and constructive elements of the object.
The developed method of computer modeling and visual graphic representation is
the basis of components and programs of automated design. It allows informative
showing of the results of calculations and can become the basis for analysis of energy
balance. In addition, the technique allows the use of such diagrams as a visual control
tool for heat loss with the construction of interactive links between diagrams and
models of buildings, taking into account the possibility of supplementing them with
other types of energy and categories of its losses.
Keywords: energy efficiency, geometric model, thermal balance, system
calculations, enclosing constructions, temperature mode of the building, geometric model,
thermal balance diagram.
