Bezpalko V. Ecologically safe methods of increasing the yield of winter wheat and spring barley in the conditions of the eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine

The object of the research: processes of plant development, the formation of yield, marketable and sown seed qualities of winter wheat and spring barley under the influence of physical, biological and chemical methods of seed stimulation. The aim: to devise ecologically safe methods for increasing the yield of winter wheat and spring barley in conditions of the eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine by applying pre-sowing irradiation of cereal crops seeds with super high frequency field with the subsequent treatment by plant growth regulators and Vitavaks 200 FF protectant. Methods: general scientific, special (field, biochemical, statistical, calculative). Novelty. For the first time the following scientific problems were solved for the eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine: optimal regimes of seed irradiation with super high frequency (SHF) field were established, namely, energy consumption was 0.9 kW per kg of seeds with an exposure time of 45 sec, or 1.8 kW per 1 kg of seeds with an exposure time of 15 sec using UMVK-1 installation. These optimal regimes contributed to the increased energy of shooting, better plant germination and higher yields of winter wheat and spring barley; ecologically safe methods of the pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat and spring barley seeds by means of SHF field irradiation were developed. Results. The improvement of growing technologies of winter wheat and spring barley in the eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine by applying irradiation of seeds with super high frequency (SHF) field in combination with the pre-sowing seed treatment with plant growth regulators or halved norms of seed treater resulted in increased shooting energy and laboratory (field) germination of winter wheat by 5 – 7%, ensured a decrease in the prevalence and development of root rot in winter wheat, increased the content of the raw gluten by 2.8%, grain protein – by 0.4%, grain yield increased by 0.24 t/ha, additional income – by 1059-1073 UAH/ha; laboratory germination of spring barley increased by 1 – 2 %, the prevalence and development of root rot decreased, the grain yield of Aspect spring barley variety increased by 0.17 – 0.20 t/ha (4.9 – 5.8%) and that of Vyklyk spring barley variety increased by 0.17 – 0.32 t/ha (4.6 – 8.6%), additional income was 605 – 1336 UAH/ha. A patent "A way of winter grain crops enhancement" has been obtained. The level of implementation. The application efficiency of the seed irradiation was proved during the practical use in households of various forms of ownership in Kharkiv region on the total area of 331 ha; 83.9 tons of quality seeds or grains were additionally harvested. Yield increase by 5 – 8% resulted in additional income of 284 880 UAH. The sphere of implementation: scientific institutions of NAAS and Ministry of APF of Ukraine, higher educational establishments, agricultural enterprises of AIC of Ukraine.