Dvoretskyi V. The improvement of agrotechnical elements of growing spring wheat and triticale in the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine

The thesis is devoted to the improvement of technological methods of growing spring wheat and spring triticale in the Steppe of Ukraine with the use of modern elements that contribute to the optimization of plant nutrition. It was established regularities of water consumption, growth and production processes of plants of spring grain crops, the formation of their yield and grain quality for a combination of doses and timing of mineral fertilizer application and preseeding treatment. Due to nutrition optimization grain yield grew up: spring wheat at 1.00- 1.58 t/ha, and after preseeding treatment – at 1.08-1.72 t/ha; spring triticale at 0.68-1.15 t/ha and after preseeding treatment – at 0.74-1.78 t/ha, respectively. It was determined the carrying of the two-fold foliar feeding by Escort-Bio or by organo-mineral fertilizer D2 on the background of presowing application of N30Р30 had the impact on productivity of spring wheat and spring triticale to be almost equivalent to the impact of nitrogen fertilizing in a dose of N30 (ammonium nitrate at the beginning of stooling or carbamide at the earing period). It was determined close correlations between the level of grain yield of spring crops and individual indicators of growth processes and the yield structure. It was determined the economic and energy efficiency of growing spring wheat and spring triticale in rain-fed conditions in the South of Ukraine. Key words: spring wheat, spring triticale, mineral fertilizers, preseeding treatment, water consumption, photosynthetic activity, grain yield and quality, economic and energy efficiency.