The thesis deals with using transactional analysis tools for study of psychological characteristics of cancer patients, cancer patients in remission and people suffering from illusory threat of cancer - carcinophobic people. It has been proved that the structure of making script decision by cancer patient includes the following components: cognitive (ego states and ego images), emotionally evaluational (emotional response, stress level and satisfaction with life), motivational (dominant directives, injunctions, specifics of satisfying the needs) and behavioral (types of adaptation and roles). The separate component is an "impasse" as understanding of the depth of localization of internal conflict and the way of help. The influence of childhood experience on adoption of such leading directives, scripts and types of adaptation that contribute to the occurrence of cancer has been proved. It has been found that cancer patients are characterized by lack of flexibility and emotionality, neglect of themselves, their own aspirations and needs; being stuck in the past and inability to perceive reality, escape into fantasies; striving for the ideal which is often accompanied by endless self improvement. It has been confirmed that the disease is the infantile way to overcome this conflict. A typology of cancer patients, revealing the features of psychotherapeutic help, has been constructed. It has been determined that the psychological profile of a cancer patient in remission is more "mature", in contrast with the portrait of cancer patients. It has been found that carcinophobic people live their lives in distress, are marked by a slight desire to load themselves with work and aspiration to excellence, they are more sensitive to their needs and their own health, less masochistic in terms of helping others to solve their problems and meeting the needs of others. The psychological healing mechanisms have been discovered, which consist of accepting own competence, strength and intelligence by the person; exacerbation of dissatisfaction with own life and readiness for change and resisting cancer as an option of ending life; manifestation of stubbornness, perseverance and will, which help to challenge the disease and self and give the opportunity to achieve the goals. It has been proved that verbal psychotherapy must be combined with treatment of corporeality. The psychological mechanisms of prevention of cancer have been identified: accepting life as it is, receiving pleasure of living in "here and now" situation, avoiding the "Victim" position or complete exit from the Karpman's Drama Triangle, free expression of emotions, willingness to change, formation of enthusiasm and openness to the world. The need for the start of psychological prevention work in adolescence and young age has been proved. A program of psychotherapeutic help for cancer patients, cancer patients in remission and carcinophobic people has been presented. The program of help includes the work with attitude to diagnosis, accepting themselves and their personal characteristics and forming plans for the future, allowing steady targeting of patient's attention to "life" instead of dying, and helping to expand the focus of perception of reality.
