The thesis provides a new scientifically grounded theoretical generalization and practical solution of the scientific problem, which consists in elucidating the individual links of the mechanism of the maternal hypokinesia influence on the dental tissue of offspring on the basis of studying changes in individual indicators of metabolism in the blood serum of the mineral composition and morphology of the teeth. Eighteen female rats of the WAG population were used in the experiment. Female rats were randomly subdivided into 3 groups: control (Group 1); hypokinetic (Group 2); hypokinetic rats that daily ran in a hamster wheel for 15 minutes (Group 3). The offspring were kept in the same conditions. They were killed by decapitation at the age of 3 months. Their tissues and blood were used for our research. Methods: modeling of hypokinesia during offspring and method of physical training against hypokinesia, biochemical, morphological, mathematical and statistical. An in-depth study of the metabolism, hormonal features related to the development of dental tissues, as well as morphofunctional changes in dental tissues in adult offspring of hypokinetic pregnant rats, were carried out for the first time. It was demonstrated for the first time that maternal hypokinesia resulted in the formation of hypothyroidism in the offspring (elevated levels of TSH compared to the control group against the background of the reduced concentrations of T3 (in males from Group 1 - 2.91±0.13 nmol/L, Group 2 - 2.00±0.11 nmol/L, р < 0.02; in females of Group 1 - 3.07±0.22 nmol/L, Group 2 - 2.41±0.15 nmol/L, р < 0.05) and T4 (in males of Group 1 - 93.47±4.45 nmol/L, Group 2 - 86.44±6.11 nmol/L, р < 0.02; in females of Group 1 - 89.16±4.00 nmol/L, Group 2 - 78.21±4.22 nmol/L, р < 0.02)), reduced blood calcium concentrations (by 17%) and lower calcium levels (in males of Group 1 - 373.12±21.5 mg/g, Group 2 - 305.24±16.45 mg/g, р < 0.02; in females of Group 1 - 381.24±16.41 mg/g, Group 2 - 300.66±15.68 mg/g, р < 0.01) in dental tissues, hypoproteinemia, downregulation of type I collagen in hard dental tissues (Group 1 - 0.768±0.039 conventional units of luminescence, Group 2 - 0.482±0.024 conventional units of luminescence, р < 0.001), hypoplasia of odontoblasts, hypoplasticity of enamel and cementum, which can explain the reduced caries-resistance of teeth shown both macroscopically and microscopically. The hypothesis for the mechanism of the reduced caries-resistance of hard dental tissues in the offspring born to hypokinetic females was presented for the first time. It was determined that a regular brief kinetic load against the background of the hypokinetic "lifestyle" in pregnant females were increase the serum leves of adult offspring of thyroid hormones (which is one of the indicators of increase in the level of the basic metabolism) and increase the content of hormones that regulate the concentration of calcium, which helps to increase the incorporation of calcium into the hard tissue of the teeth. Conducted studies was demonstrated that running a hypokinetic pregnant females reduced the content of glucose, triglycerides in the blood of their adult offspring, compared with the offspring of females of Group 2, and the concentrations of phospholipids, total protein, albumin, creatinine were significantly higher. It was also found that regular motor load of hypokinetic pregnant females affects the mineral composition of blood serum in adult offspring: concentrations of sodium, calcium, magnesium were increased, and potassium and copper - decreased (compared with Group 2). It was found that the animals from group 3 had hyperplasia of the odontoblasts, with a decreased in the morphofunctional load on the individual odontoblasts (nucleus area in Group 2 - 13,77±0,76 мm2, Group 3 - 10,56±0,34 мm2, р < 0,01, the optical density of cytoplasm of odontoblasts processes stained by Einarson's halocyanin-chrome alum in Group 2 - 0,237±0,005 conventional units optical density, Group 3 - 0,081±0,004 conventional units optical density, р < 0,001), and increased of type I collagen in the dentin (Group 2 - 0,482±0,024 conventional units of luminescence, Group 2 - 0,858±0,043 conventional units of luminescence, p < 0,05). It was determined for the first time that a regular brief kinetic load against the background of the hypokinetic lifestyle in pregnant animals had a normalizing effect on the offspring's biochemical and morphological parameters studied in the research, which could be judged from the specificity of the biochemical and morphological changes found in maternal hypokinesia and directly indicated the possibility of preventing the development of reduced caries-resistance in offspring caused by maternal hypokinesia.
