Kozlova N. The principles of architectural organization of the facades of multistorey residential buildings taking into account visual ecology

The dissertation is devoted to the problem of architectural organization of facades of multistorey residential buildings taking into account the visual ecology (videoecology) on the example of the city of Kyiv. Based on the research carried out by architects, psychologists, sociologists, physicians, physiologists, mathematicians, the author scientifically substantiated the influence of architecture of the facades of multistorey residential buildings in the city of Kyiv, as an environmental factor, on the psychological state and the visual apparatus of urban dwellers. Three modern directions of formation of the architecture of facades of domestic multistorey residential buildings were determined in the work. These directions have not yet been considered for visual comfort and their degree of aggressiveness. It was revealed that for the city of Kyiv the leading direction is the traditional approach (characterized by a simple form of window and door openings, lack of elements of small decor). The general methodology of the study is based on the methods: deduction; systematization, analysis of scientific sources and examples of design and construction practices; constructing logic circuits and models; historical-genetic and comparative analysis of domestic and foreign experience; retrospective analysis; physical examination and photographic fixation; mathematical and graph-analytical apparatuses of research; sociological survey and mapping; modelling and forecasting; design and experimental design. The complex of modern factors influencing the level of visual comfort of the facades of multistorey residential buildings was determined: the detection of structures on the facade surface; flexible organization of the facade field; identification of the internal structure; conditions of perception; the nature of the details of the facade field. Ten signs of ecological beauty of buildings are revealed. The method was proposed for determining dynamic and static visual connections, the presence of visual field, and the method of architectural organization of the facades of multi-storeyed residential buildings, taking into account the requirements of the visual environment. The principles of architectural organization of facades of multistorey residential buildings were formulated taking into account the visual ecology: increased contact, organic, variability, and eco-reconstruction. The map of videoecological zoning in Kyiv was developed, which includes three zones: with favourable visual environment, with unfavourable visible environment, with a neutral visible environment. Classification of modern (basic and additional) techniques of architectural organization of the facades of multistorey residential buildings was improved taking into account the visual ecology at levels of large, medium and small plasticity elements. The final part provides the ways to introduce the study results into experimental design, project activities and in the educational process.