According to the thesis work results of analysis of experience in formation of preschool and general education objects it is determined that the promising areas of improvement of the educational process and architectural and space planning concepts of educational buildings under the conditions of continuing education system implementation is co-operation and blocking of recourse base of children’s pre-school institutions and elementary schools. For the first time in national practice the architectural and typological features of educational complexes “Kindergarten – Elementary School” are studied in this thesis work.
The methodology of Educational Complex “Kindergarten – Elementary School” network construction is offered, which considers the dynamic nature of demographic composition of residential areas population and provides for the establishment of flexible structure of educational institutions with the possibility of periodic changes in the number of groups in pre-school institution and classes in elementary school. The basic nomenclature for the mass urban construction has been developed with five types of educational complexes for 180 places (3 groups + 4 classes), 360 places (6 groups + 8 classes), 540 places (9 groups + 12 classes), 300 places (3 groups + 8 classes), 480 places (6 groups + 12 classes). The nomenclature is set based on average demographic indicators of the number of pre-school and elementary school children per 1000 inhabitants, the optimal total capacity of kindergartens and elementary schools, the normative groups and classes occupancy, their various combinations and completeness.
The differentiated indicators of accessibility radius (300-800) to educational complexes depending on urban planning features and micro-district space planning concepts are determined. Walking and transport accessibility to educational complexes in rural areas shall not exceed 15 minutes.
Educational complexes shall be located in the most comfortable areas, near woodland, boulevard, park, in a wetland and non-flooded area with low groundwater levels. An area of the land plot of the Educational Complex “Kindergarten – Elementary School” shall be determined by its capacity per 1 place not less than 40 sq. m. There shall also be no harmful neighbourhood, namely garbage dumps, garages, boilers, parking lots, cemeteries, landfills, industrial and livestock buildings, etc.
The space planning design of the territory of educational complexes “Kindergarten – Elementary School” was examined, the functional zoning of particular sites of kindergarten and elementary school as well as statutory regulation of joint objects of cooperative use was offered: sports and gaming zone, economic zone, young naturalist’s zone, zone for celebrating special events.
The functional and planning structure of the buildings of educational complexes “Kindergarten – Elementary School” was studied; the composition, area standards and facilities connection of group premises of kindergarten, educational sections of elementary school and common premises unit were determined; unification of parameters of kindergarten and school classrooms was offered.
Methods of space planning concepts for kindergartens and elementary schools in the structure of educational complexes were examined, fundamental project types of educational complexes of different capacities with flexible planning structure were offered. Architectural and compositional principles of formation of internal massing structure of educational environment for young children were identified.
The block-modular design method is proved to be effective. The thesis provides recommendations for unified functional blocks: a group unit of kindergarten for 1-4 groups, educational sections of the 1st grade of elementary school and unified functional blocks of common areas. The unified block modules may form the most common types of educational complexes for residential entities with different populations.
Based on the different types of educational complexes offered in the second section, the author has developed schemes of functional-planning organization, functional structure of connections of unified blocks modules of group unit of kindergarten for educational clubs and block of common premises of educational complexes with capacity for 180-540 students, for residential entities with different populations. The offered types of unified block elements were implemented in diploma projects: “Kindergarten – Elementary School with 480 places” and “Educational Complex “Kindergarten – Elementary School with 360 places”.
