In the dissertation the results of researches on improved of elements of technology of pea growing in the conditions of the Right Bank forest-steppe zone of Ukraine presented. The peculiarities of the influence of the investigated elements of cultivation technology, particular, microfertilizers and growth regulators on the growth and development of pea and the productivity of the culture have been established.
The highest density in the ‘Uliublenets’ variety was in the version with the use of Freia-Akva Bobovi + Rehoplant 131.4 pcs./m2, for the ‘Yulii’ variety 129.6 pcs./m2 in the version of Freia-Akva Bobovi + Rehoplant. The use of growth regulators and fertilizers contributed to increasing the resistance of pea plants to adverse environmental factors, thereby ensuring their survival to harvesting.
The height of plants peas in the control was the smallest and varied depending on the variety. A similar pattern was observed in other phenological phases of plant growth. The best increments were observed on the experimental versions using Freia-Akva Bobovi + Rehoplant and Biovit + Rehoplant.
The maximum indicators of pure photosynthesis productivity are formed during the budding period – full flowering it is noted. During subsequent interphase periods of vegetation, the intensity of accumulation of dry matter is reduced, one of the reasons for this partial shadowing of the middle and lower tiers of leaves of plants peas top tiers, as the leaves of different tiers of peas are unevenly absorbing solar energy. When applying the Freia-Akva Bobovi fertilizer, the NPF was at 8.76 g per m2 per day for the variety ‘Uliublenets’ in the ‘Yulii’ variety was formed and the variant with the use of Biovit + Ahrostymulin – 6.94 g per m2 per day.
By observing the 2016–2018 crop during the growing season, we observed a high rate of accumulation of dry matter. Thus, at the experimental sites, the maximum rate of accumulation of dry matter of 5.17 t/ha for the ‘Uliublenets’ variety and 2.89 t/ha for the ‘Yulii’ variety was noted during the period of formation and reaching of seeds, in the appropriate experimental variants where the fertilizer Freia-Akva Bobovi, in combination with the growth regulator Rehoplant and Ahrostymulin in the ‘Uliublenets’ variety, it was 8.64 tons/ha and 9.10 tons/hectare, in the ‘Yulii’ variety the highest rates were in the variant with the use of Freia-Akva Bobovi + Ahrostymulin – 5.83 t/ha.
It was found that the most significant increments of the crop in the ‘Uliublenets’ variety were obtained on variants Biovit + Rehoplant – 0.6 t/ha, or 20.34 %, and Freia-Akva Bobovi + Rehoplant – 0.72 t/ha, or 24.41 % for the ‘Yulii’ variety were obtained in variants using Biovit + Rehoplant – 0.63 t/ha, or 23.51 %, and Freia-Akva Bobovi + Rehoplant – 0.45 t/ha, or 16,79 %.
It was found that the highest protein content of peas was marked in 2017 – 24.42–28.00 %, and in 2018 – 24.93–26.70 %, in the ‘Uliublenet’ variety and at the level 22.99–24.99% in the ‘Yulii’ variety. The maximum percentage of protein in peas seeds was on variants using Biovit + Rehoplant – 26.70%, for the ‘Uliublenet’ variety and 24.99 % for the ‘Yulii’ variety in the application of Freia-Akva Bobovi + Ahrostymulin, in 2016 within 23,0 The lower protein content in the seeds was in the range of 21.9–22.0 % in 2015.
The maximum protein intake was obtained in the variant using Freia-Akva Bobovi + Rehoplant for the ‘Uliublenet’ variety and amounted to 0.90 t/ha, for the ‘Yulii’ variety – 0.78 t/ha in the variant with application Biovit + Rehoplant, which is primarily due to the highest yield in these variants over the years of research.
Keywords: peas, microfertilizers, growth regulators, yield, biochemical parameters, elements of the structure of the crop, energy efficiency coefficient, economic efficiency.
